Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients in Statin and Non-statin Groups
| Parameters | Statin (N = 1,219) | Non-statin (N = 12,762) | p Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics on Admission | |||
| Age, median (IQR) | 66.0 (59.0–72.0) | 57.0 (45.0–67.0) | <0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 602 (49.4%) | 6,228 (48.8%) | 0.719 |
| Heart rate, median (IQR), bpm | 85.0 (77.0–97.0) | 84.0 (78.0–96.0) | 0.744 |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR), bpm | 20.0 (19.0–21.0) | 20.0 (19.0–21.0) | 0.297 |
| SBP, median (IQR), mmHg | 133.0 (120.0–146.0) | 128.0 (119.0–139.0) | <0.001 |
| DBP, median (IQR), mmHg | 80.0 (72.0–89.0) | 79.0 (71.0–87.0) | 0.002 |
| BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 24.3 (22.7–25.6) | 23.9 (22.3–25.3) | 0.501 |
| Days from symptom to hospital, median (IQR) | 14.0 (8.0–23.0) | 11.0 (6.0–20.0) | <0.001 |
| Days from symptom to medical treatment in hospitalization, median (IQR) | 14.0 (8.0–23.0) | 11.0 (7.0–20.0) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up days, median (IQR) | 22.0 (15.0–28.0) | 17.0 (11.0–25.0) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities on Admission | |||
| COPD, n (%) | 15 (1.2%) | 138 (1.1%) | 0.738 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 993 (81.5%) | 3,867 (30.3%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 414 (34.0%) | 1,868 (14.6%) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 442 (36.3%) | 729 (5.7%) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 107 (8.8%) | 296 (2.3%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 17 (1.4%) | 268 (2.1%) | 0.119 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 63 (5.2%) | 398 (3.1%) | <0.001 |
| Chest CT on Admission | |||
| Bilateral lesions, n/N (%) | 1,021/1,141 (89.5%) | 9,983/11,932 (83.7%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory Examination on Admission | |||
| Leukocyte count > 9.5, 10ˆ9/L, n/N (%) | 126/1,182 (10.7%) | 1,094/11,716 (9.3%) | 0.153 |
| Neutrophil count > 6.3, 10ˆ9/L, n/N (%) | 201/1,182 (17.0%) | 1,672/11,706 (14.3%) | 0.013 |
| Lymphocyte count < 1.1, 10ˆ9/L, n/N (%) | 480/1,182 (40.6%) | 4,708/11,707 (40.2%) | 0.816 |
| C-reactive protein > ULNa, n/N (%) | 349/717 (48.7%) | 3,435/6,892 (49.8%) | 0.579 |
| Procalcitonin > ULNa, n/N (%) | 487/1,024 (47.6%) | 3,721/9,358 (39.8%) | <0.001 |
| ALT > 40 U/L, n/N (%) | 299/1,178 (25.4%) | 2,439/11,302 (21.6%) | 0.003 |
| AST > 40 U/L, n/N (%) | 277/1,178 (23.5%) | 2,333/11,313 (20.6%) | 0.022 |
| eGFR < 90 mL/min, n/N (%) | 444/1,173 (37.9%) | 2,878/11,490 (25.1%) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer > ULNa, n/N (%) | 649/1,112 (58.4%) | 4,721/10,425 (45.3%) | <0.001 |
| LDL-c > ULNa, n/N (%) | 194/1,007 (19.3%) | 1,147/8,308 (13.8%) | <0.001 |
| TC > ULNa, n/N (%) | 198/1,093 (18.1%) | 1,089/9,257 (11.8%) | <0.001 |
| CK > ULNa, n/N (%) | 118/1,031 (11.5%) | 1,037/9,599 (10.8%) | 0.564 |
| SpO2 < 95%, n/N (%) | 374/1,219 (30.7%) | 4,595/12,762 (36.0%) | <0.001 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; CK, creatine kinase; SpO2, oxygen saturation; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Upper limit of normal (ULN) was defined according to criteria in each hospital
b
p values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test for categorical variables