| AgNO3 | Silver nitrate |
| APTS | 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane |
| CE | Capillary electrophoresis |
| ELISA | Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay |
| EtOH | Ethyl alcohol |
| EU | European Union |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| HAuCl4 | Gold (III) chloride trihydrate |
| HCl | Hydrochloric acid |
| HPLC | High-performance liquid chromatography |
| LOD | Limit of detection |
| NaOH | Sodium hydroxide |
| NH4OH | Ammonium hydroxide |
| NPs | Nanoparticles |
| PBS-T | Phosphate-buffered saline-Tween 20 |
| PVP | Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| S/N | Signal to noise ratio |
| SERS | Surface-enhanced Raman scattering |
| SiO2@Au@Ag | Gold–silver alloy-embedded silica |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| TEOS | Tetraethylorthosilicate |
| THPC | Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride |
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