Table 2.
Monetary valuations for green and blue spaces. WTP: willingness to pay.
| Author and Year of Study | Value in Year of Study | Year 2019 | GBP£ 2019 | Euro 2019 | US $ 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Willis et al., 2016 [52] | |||||
| Cost per user of the ‘Branching Out’ programme | £426 | £464.71 | £464.71 | €524.54 | $566.78 |
| Doctorman and Boman (2016) [44] | |||||
| WTP to avoid postponement of recreational activities | |||||
| Hunters | 8.87 SEK | 9.51 SEK | £0.79 | €0.89 | $0.97 |
| Forest recreationalists | 7.57 SEK | 8.45 SEK | £0.70 | €0.79 | $0.86 |
| WTP for not losing the health benefits of outdoor experience | |||||
| Hunters | 65 SEK | 68.65 SEK | £5.72 | €6.45 | $6.97 |
| Forest recreationalists | 17 SEK | 17.96 SEK | £1.50 | €1.69 | $1.82 |
| Wang et al. (2004) [50] | |||||
| 5% discount rate over 30 years | $83.00–$592.00 | $112.33–$801.21 | £92.13–£657.13 | €103.92–€741.21 | $112.33–$801.21 |
| Construction costs per mile | $5725–$45,505 (2002) | $8135.83–$64,667.44 | £6672.01–£53,032.28 | €7692.42–€59,819.55 | $8135.83–$64,667.44 |
| 5% inflation rate re: savings | $622.00 | $883.93 | £724.89 | €817.67 | $883.93 |
| Longo et al. (2015) [32] | |||||
| Value of walking in local environments | £13.56 | £15.64 | £15.64 | €17.64 | $19.08 |
| Jankovska & Straupe (2011) [45] | |||||
| Benefit to Latvian economy | €194.00 | €213.92 | £189.58 | €213.92 | $231.28 |
| Individual WTP to improve environment | €9.50 | €11.03 | £9.77 | €11.03 | $11.93 |
| Entire sample WTP to improve the environment | €4,362,397.00 | €4,810,379.48 | £4,262,537.55 | €4,810,379.48 | $5,200,733.01 |
| Smith and Moore (2012) [49] | |||||
| Average cost to visit a river | $128–$393 | $138.07–$423.91 | £122.33–£375.58 | €127.72–€392.14 | $138.07–$423.91 |