Table 4.

Multivariable Conditional Logistic Regression Model With Cases and Controls Matched for Year of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis^a

Covariatesb	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age group, y
18–40	ref
41–60	1.13 (.56–2.30)
≥61	2.59 (1.09–6.18)
CD4 count, cells/μL
<200	11.1 (2.85–42.9)
200–499	1.89 (1.09–3.28)
≥500	ref
COPD	3.07 (1.98–7.87)
Smokingc	2.75 (1.56–4.85)
Drug used	2.22 (1.12–4.37)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR, odds ratio.

^aThis analysis includes 16 combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)–discordant case-control pairs. We performed the same analysis excluding the 16 cART-discordant case-control pairs. This did not significantly change results (data not shown).

^bCovariates in this model result from stepwise backward selection (P < .05).

^cOnly current smokers. We assumed that patients with missing data on smoking (eg, patient file did not mention smoking) did not smoke.

^dAll current use of drugs mentioned in the patient files, including recreational use (eg, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, amphetamines, ketamine, γ-hydroxybutyrate). If data on drug use were missing, we assumed that the patient did not use drugs.