Table 2.
Synthesized Outcomes of All Systemic Antibacterial Prophylaxis Comparisons (Includes Pediatric and Adult Trials)
| Comparison and Outcomes | Number of Studies | RRa | 95% CI | I 2, % | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoroquinolone vs no antibioticb | |||||
| Bacteremia | 14 | .56 | .41 to .76 | 58 | .0002 |
| Fever | 9 | .70 | .57 to .86 | 71 | .0008 |
| Neutropenic fever | 8 | .88 | .82 to .95 | 0 | .0008 |
| Infection-related mortality | 16c | .72 | .45 to 1.16 | 0 | .17 |
| Overall mortality | 15c | .86 | .62 to 1.17 | 24 | .34 |
| Clostridioides difficile infection | 3 | .62 | .31 to 1.24 | 0 | .17 |
| Invasive fungal disease | 6 | 1.25 | .75 to 2.08 | 0 | .39 |
| Musculoskeletal adverse effects | 3 | .66 | .39 to 1.13 | 0 | .13 |
| Antibiotic resistanced | 4 | 3.35 | 1.12 to 10.03 | 64 | .03 |
| Fluoroquinolone vs nonabsorbable antibiotic | |||||
| Fever | 3 | .98 | .91 to 1.05 | 0 | .50 |
| Infection-related mortality | 3 | .43 | .18 to 1.05 | 0 | .06 |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs no antibioticb | |||||
| Bacteremia | 7 | .59 | .41 to .85 | 0 | .005 |
| Fever | 5 | .77 | .56 to 1.07 | 91 | .11 |
| Infection-related mortality | 13 | .61 | .39 to .94 | 0 | .03 |
| Overall mortality | 5 | .61 | .28 to 1.33 | 32 | .21 |
| Invasive fungal disease | 7 | 1.19 | .43 to 3.27 | 27 | .74 |
| Antibiotic resistanced | 5 | 2.91 | 1.65 to 5.12 | 0 | .0002 |
| Cephalosporin vs no antibioticb | |||||
| Bacteremia | 4 | .30 | .16 to .58 | 42 | .0004 |
| Fever | 4 | .83 | .71 to .98 | 65 | .03 |
| Infection-related mortality | 4c | 1.03 | .27 to 3.95 | 0 | .96 |
| Overall mortality | 3c | NSP | … | … | |
| Antibiotic resistanced | 3c | NSP | … | … | |
| Parenteral glycopeptide vs no antibioticb | |||||
| Bacteremia | 3 | .45 | .08 to 2.66 | 84 | .38 |
| Infection-related mortality | 3 | 1.13 | .30 to 4.23 | 10 | .85 |
| Fluoroquinolone vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | |||||
| Bacteremia | 7 | .86 | .48 to 1.54 | 66 | .60 |
| Fever | 3 | .65 | .31 to 1.37 | 89 | .26 |
| Infection-related mortality | 6 | 1.10 | .50 to 2.39 | 0 | .82 |
| Invasive fungal disease | 6 | 0.78 | .35 to 1.75 | 0 | .55 |
| Rifampin and fluoroquinolone vs fluoroquinolone | |||||
| Bacteremia | 3 | .36 | .17 to .77 | 0 | .008 |
| Infection-related mortality | 3c | NSP | … | … | |
| Overall mortality | 3c | NSP | … | … |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NSP, no synthesis possible; RR, risk ratio.
aRR <1 favors intervention.
bNo antibiotic includes no antibiotic prophylaxis and placebo control groups.
cOne or more studies had zero events in both arms.
dResistance was examined in studies comparing an antibiotic against no antibiotic controls and was defined as resistance to the intervention antibiotic among bacteremia isolates.