Table 4.

Key Knowledge Gaps Related to Systemic Antibacterial Prophylaxis Among Children With Cancer and Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients

To determine whether the effectiveness of systemic antibacterial prophylaxis changes when administered over a prolonged period of time within individuals and within institutions

To determine the consequences of a universal systemic antibacterial prophylaxis strategy within individuals (both those receiving and not receiving prophylaxis) and within institutions

To describe subgroups of patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia at higher risk of bacteremia and infection-related mortality

To determine the risks and benefits of systemic antibacterial prophylaxis in children undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

To determine the risks and benefits of systemic antibacterial prophylaxis for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy phases other than induction, such as delayed intensification

To identify subgroups of patients at higher risk of bacteremia and infection-related mortality (other than those identified in this clinical practice guideline such as children with solid tumor receiving intensive chemotherapy), such that the risks and benefits of systemic antibacterial prophylaxis can be considered

To determine the cost-effectiveness of antibacterial prophylaxis in different patient populations

To compare the risks and benefits of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin prophylaxis

To identify facilitators of guideline-concordant care