Table 3.
How YLD Rates (i.e., Years Lived with Disability per 100,000 people) likely benefiting from physical rehabilitation are distributed per major groups of conditions across the five countries analyzed, and how values have evolved over time [1990–2017].
| 1990 | 2017 | % Change [1990–2017] | Regression Model Type | r2 | b Coefficient | 95% CI | 99% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Musculoskeletal & Pain | ||||||||
| Brazil | 1901 | 2551 | 34.2% | Linear | 1 | 25.4 * | 24.9–25.9 | 24.8–26.0 |
| China | 1646 | 2258 | 37.2% | Linear | 0.99 | 25.0 * | 23.8–26.2 | 23.4–26.6 |
| India | 1765 | 2048 | 16.0% | Linear | 0.91 | 10.1 * | 8.9–11.4 | 8.4–11.9 |
| Russia | 3271 | 3435 | 5.0% | Linear | 0.88 | 11.6 * | 9.8–13.3 | 9.2–13.9 |
| South Africa | 1605 | 1731 | 7.9% | Linear | 0.93 | 5.7 * | 5.1–6.4 | 4.9–6.6 |
| World | 2071 | 2363 | 14.1% | Linear | 0.98 | 11.4 * | 10.7−12.1 | 10.5−12.4 |
| High-Income | 3359 | 3835 | 14.2% | Linear | 0.99 | 16.8 * | 16.1−17.5 | 15.9−17.7 |
| Upper Middle-Income | 1875 | 2369 | 26.3% | Linear | 0.98 | 20.5 * | 19.4−21.5 | 19.0−21.9 |
| Lower Middle-Income | 1724 | 1983 | 15.1% | Linear | 0.96 | 9.4 * | 8.6−10.3 | 8.3−10.5 |
| Low-Income | 1486 | 1491 | 0.4% | Linear | 0.09 | −0.6 | −1.3−0.1 | −1.5−0.4 |
| Neurological | ||||||||
| Brazil | 263 | 396 | 50.4% | Linear | 0.96 | 5.2 * | 4.7–5.6 | 4.6–5.7 |
| China | 410 | 870 | 112.5% | Exponential | 0.97 | 15.6 * | 13.8–17.3 | 13.2–17.9 |
| India | 247 | 323 | 30.5% | Linear | 0.94 | 2.8 * | 2.5–3.1 | 2.4–3.2 |
| Russia | 922 | 1207 | 30.9% | Linear | 0.83 | 11.4 * | 9.3–13.4 | 8.6–14.1 |
| South Africa | 330 | 356 | 7.9% | Linear | 0.57 | 0.7 * | 0.5–1.0 | 0.4–1.1 |
| World | 441 | 578 | 31.1% | Linear | 0.89 | 4.8 * | 4.1−5.5 | 3.9−5.7 |
| High-Income | 750 | 929 | 23.7% | Linear | 0.90 | 6.1 * | 5.3−6.9 | 5.0−7.2 |
| Upper Middle-Income | 441 | 736 | 66.9% | Exponential | 0.95 | 10.4 * | 9.1−11.6 | 8.7−12.0 |
| Lower Middle-Income | 301 | 364 | 21.2% | Linear | 0.86 | 2.3 * | 1.9−2.7 | 1.8−2.8 |
| Low-Income | 321 | 314 | −2.1% | Linear | 0.53 | −0.5 * | −0.7−(−0.3) | −0.8−(−0.2) |
| Cardiotoracic | ||||||||
| Brazil | 624 | 685 | 9.8% | Linear | 0.88 | 2.65 * | 2.3–3.1 | 2.11–3.19 |
| China | 759 | 857 | 12.9% | Linear | 0.36 | 4.95 * | 2.3–7.6 | 1.35–8.56 |
| India | 746 | 857 | 14.8% | Linear | 0.49 | 4.02 * | 2.4–5.7 | 1.78–6.26 |
| Russia | 802 | 856 | 6.7% | Linear | 0.94 | 2.21 * | 2.0–2.4 | 1.90–2.52 |
| South Africa | 851 | 918 | 7.9% | Logarithmic | 0.73 | 2.89 * | 1.7–4.1 | 1.23–4.56 |
| World | 733 | 807 | 10.1% | Linear | 0.63 | 3.5 * | 2.4−4.5 | 2.0−4.9 |
| High-Income | 956 | 1103 | 15.4% | Linear | 0.94 | 7.0 * | 6.3−7.7 | 6.0−8.0 |
| Upper Middle-Income | 719 | 810 | 12.7% | Linear | 0.55 | 4.3 * | 2.7−5.9 | 2.2−6.4 |
| Lower Middle-Income | 662 | 745 | 12.5% | Linear | 0.67 | 3.4 * | 2.5−4.4 | 2.1−4.7 |
| Low-Income | 557 | 549 | −1.5% | Linear | 0.06 | −0.3 | −0.8−0.2 | −1.0−0.3 |
| Pediatric | ||||||||
| Brazil | 468 | 505 | 7.8% | Linear | 0.99 | 1.48 * | 1.42–1.54 | 1.40–1.57 |
| China | 467 | 613 | 31.4% | Linear | 0.97 | 5.46 * | 5.04–5.87 | 4.90–6.02 |
| India | 519 | 713 | 37.3% | Linear | 0.99 | 7.18 * | 6.92–7.43 | 6.83–7.52 |
| Russia | 636 | 658 | 3.6% | Linear | 0.50 | 1.89 * | 1.13–2.66 | 0.86–2.93 |
| South Africa | 558 | 596 | 6.8% | Logarithmic | 0.06 | −0.03 | −1.19–1.12 | −1.60–1.53 |
| World | 498 | 588 | 18.0% | Linear | 0.99 | 3.5 * | 3.4−3.6 | 3.3−3.7 |
| High-Income | 493 | 486 | −1.5% | Logarithmic | 0.91 | −0.2 * | −0.3−(−0.2) | −0.3−(−0.1) |
| Upper Middle-Income | 505 | 594 | 17.7% | Linear | 0.97 | 3.4 * | 3.2−3.6 | 3.1−3.7 |
| Lower Middle-Income | 507 | 624 | 23.0% | Linear | 0.99 | 4.6 * | 4.4−4.8 | 4.4−4.8 |
| Low-Income | 424 | 579 | 36.5% | Linear | 0.97 | 6.4 * | 5.9−6.8 | 5.8−6.9 |
| Neoplasm | ||||||||
| Brazil | 38 | 75 | 99% | Linear | 1 | 1.32 * | 1.30–1.35 | 1.29–1.36 |
| China | 47 | 136 | 189% | Exponential | 0.94 | 3.00 * | 2.51–3.49 | 2.34–3.66 |
| India | 22 | 34 | 58% | Linear | 0.81 | 0.40 * | 0.32–0.47 | 0.29–0.05 |
| Russia | 106 | 174 | 64% | Linear | 0.93 | 2.68 * | 2.38–2.98 | 2.27–3.08 |
| South Africa | 38 | 49 | 30% | Logarithmic | 0.39 | 0.28 ** | 0.03–0.53 | −0.06–0.62 |
| World | 62 | 100 | 62.3% | Linear | 0.95 | 1.3 * | 1.1−1.4 | 1.1−1.4 |
| High-Income | 173 | 271 | 56.6% | Linear | 0.99 | 3.4 * | 3.3−3.5 | 3.2−3.6 |
| Upper Middle-Income | 50 | 115 | 130% | Exponential | 0.95 | 2.3 * | 1.9−2.6 | 1.8−2.7 |
| Lower Middle-Income | 27 | 38 | 40.1% | Linear | 0.76 | 0.4 * | 0.3−0.5 | 0.3−0.5 |
| Low-Income | 27 | 26 | −1.9% | Linear | 0.55 | −0.1 * | −0.2−(−0.1) | −0.2−(−0.1) |
| HIV-related | ||||||||
| Brazil | 12.4 | 45.2 | 163% | Linear | 0.94 | 1.1 * | 1.0–1.2 | 0.09–1.3 |
| China | 1.2 | 7.4 | 528% | Linear | 0.98 | 0.2 * | 0.2–0.2 | 0.2–0.3 |
| India | 0.8 | 15.2 | 1905% | Logarithmic | 0.64 | 0.7 * | 0.3–1.0 | 0.2–1.1 |
| Russia | 4.5 | 61.7 | 1277% | Exponential | 1 | 1.8 * | 1.5–2.1 | 1.4–2.2 |
| South Africa | 17.3 | 1219 | 6469% | Logarithmic | 0.83 | 63.8 * | 51.0–76.5 | 46.5–81.0 |
| World | 17 | 54 | 207% | Logarithmic | 0.79 | 1.28 * | 0.79−1.77 | 0.62−1.94 |
| High-Income | 14 | 19 | 37% | Linear | 0.04 | 0.04 * | −0.2−0.11 | −0.6−0.13 |
| Upper Middle-Income | 4 | 48 | 1255% | Linear | 0.89 | 1.89 * | 1.62−2.15 | 1.53−2.24 |
| Lower Middle-Income | 23 | 50 | 113% | Logarithmic | 0.71 | 1.39 * | 0.85−1.93 | 0.66−2.12 |
| Low-Income | 160 | 178 | 12% | Linear | 0.09 | −2.29 | −5.15−0.58 | −6.16−1.59 |
Data obtained from: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool. Abbreviations: YLD–Year Lived with Disability. Legend: * p < 0.01; ** p < 0.05. While possibly obtained through the same source, data for the global benchmarks, including computed values, were extracted from: Jesus TS, Landry MD, Brooks D, Hoenig H. Physical rehabilitation needs per condition type: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Arch Phys Med Rehabill. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.12.020; Notes: The “b coefficient” refers to the annual change within a linear regression model. HIV/AIDs include YLDs from resultant tuberculosis.