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. 2020 Jun 2;21(11):3991. doi: 10.3390/ijms21113991

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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AtSK11 and AtSK12 inhibit the mild stress-induced root growth response. (A) Root elongation of WT and atsk11atsk12 under polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. At least 150 seedlings were measured per genotype under each condition. Data are means of three independent biological replicates. Error bars indicate SD. Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of difference between mock (−0.25 MPa) and other conditions, *** p < 0.001. (B) Relative root length of WT and atsk11atsk12 under osmotic stress. The relative root length under −0.25 MPa was defined as “1”. Error bars indicate SD. Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of difference between WT and mutant under each treatment condition. Significant levels: *** p < 0.001. (C) Root length of WT and various AtSK11, AtSK12, and AtSK13 mutants under mannitol treatment. At least 50 seedlings were measured per genotype under each condition. Data are means of three independent biological replicates. Student’s t-test was used to determine the significance of difference between WT and mutant under each treatment condition. Significant levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.