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. 2020 May 26;21(11):3766. doi: 10.3390/ijms21113766

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Radiation-induced autophagy via the unfolded protein response. (a) Bip and kesy molecules in autophagy were upregulated in response to neutron beam therapy in KHOS/NP and MG63 cells. (b) ELISA was performed to quantify the level of phospho-JNK and JNK and phospho-elF2a and elF2a in KHOS/NP and MG63 cells after irradiation. Each concentration was tested in quadruplicate, and each experiment was repeated three times. The data shown represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments combined; * p < 0.05. (c) Cell lysates were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. PBA treatment prevented activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and inhibited autophagy induced by neutrons in OS cells.