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. 2020 Jun 5;21(11):4052. doi: 10.3390/ijms21114052

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Cl− modulation of ciliary beating in cHNECs. Ciliary membrane express CFTR [20]. Inner dynein arms (IDAs) control waveform including CBD and outer dynein arms (ODAs) control CBF. Axonemal structures controlling IDAs and ODAs appear to have Cl− sensors. The sensors binding Cl− may inhibit the axonemal structures controlling IDAs or ODAs leading to CBD decrease and CBF decrease. [Cl−]i inhibiting IDA-controlling structures may be lower than that inhibiting ODA-controlling structures. Under the resting condition, ODAs are activated and IDAs are partly inactivated. At a lower [Cl−]i, ODAs continue to be active and IDAs are activated. At a higher [Cl−]i, both ODAs and IDAs are inactivated.