Table 3.
Review Article Characteristics, n = 58.
| n | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Author Affiliation and Discipline | ||
| Academic Discipline | 49 | 84.5 |
| Community-based (CBO), Non-profit (NPO) Organizations | 3 | 5.2 |
| Foundation, Institute | 3 | 5.2 |
| Information not Provided | 3 | 5.2 |
| Source of Study Funding | ||
| Foundation or Nonprofit Support | 20 | 34.5 |
| NIH/NIEHS Funding | 17 | 29.3 |
| Other Government Funding Source (CDC, EPA) | 5 | 8.6 |
| Not Specified | 15 | 25.9 |
| Target Community | ||
| African American | 22 | 37.9 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 3 | 5.2 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 11 | 28.9 |
| White | 4 | 6.9 |
| Multi-ethnic | 4 | 6.9 |
| No Explicit Description Provided | 14 | 24.1 |
| Community Description | ||
| Low-income, Impoverished or Underserved | 34 | 58.6 |
| Research Design | ||
| Case Study | 41 | 70.7 |
| Evaluation | 6 | 10.3 |
| Mixed Methods | 6 | 10.3 |
| Natural Experiment 1 Measurement Point | 1 | 1.7 |
| Obervational and Longitudinal | 1 | 1.7 |
| Observational Cross-sectional | 3 | 5.2 |
| Pollution Focus of Research Study | ||
| Air Pollution/Air Quality | 24 | 41.4 |
| Hazardous Waste (Brownfield, Superfund) | 14 | 24.1 |
| Illegal Dumping | 1 | 1.7 |
| Water Quality (Drinking or Groundwater) | 1 | 1.7 |
| More than one Pollution Focus | 18 | 31.0 |
| Theoretical Framework * | ||
| Environmental Justice Framework | 7 | 12.1 |
| Community Capacity Theory | 13 | 22.4 |
| Other Social Theories or Frameworks | 19 | 32.8 |
| Application of Theory * | ||
| Informed Data Collection Instrument | 5 | 8.6 |
| Informed Sampling Methods | 3 | 5.2 |
| Constructs used for Analysis | 8 | 13.8 |
| Mentioned but not Operationalized or Measured | 11 | 19.0 |
| No use of Theory Reported | 28 | 48.3 |
| Capacity-building Strategies * | ||
| Authentic Participation Processes | 53 | 96.4 |
| Community-based Participatory Research (CBPR) | 29 | 50.0 |
| Community Organizing/Social Action | 34 | 58.6 |
| Empowerment Approaches | 45 | 77.6 |
| Technical Assistance | 14 | 24.1 |
| Training and Technoogy Transfer | 12 | 20.7 |
| Community Change Strategies * | ||
| Citizen Science | 13 | 22.4 |
| Civil Disobedience | 10 | 17.2 |
| Letter Writing | 6 | 10.3 |
| Litigation | 18 | 31.0 |
| Media Advocacy | 19 | 32.8 |
| Photovoice | 7 | 12.1 |
| Policy Advocacy | 14 | 24.1 |
| Observed Environmental Outcome | ||
|
Clean-up of Pollution Concern, Reduced
Exposure, Remediation of Toxic Waste |
18 | 31.0 |
| Increased Regulationof PM2.5 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 3 | 5.2 |
| None Reported | 35 | 60.3 |
| Policy Related Outcomes as a Result of Advocacy Efforts * | ||
| Enforcement Environmental Law/Regulation; Review of Conditional-use Permit | 11 | 18.9 |
| Increased Compliance; Mandatory Payment of Fines for Pollution and/or Safety Violations | 0 | 0 |
| Legislative Resolution to Address Toxic Emissions | 13 | 22.4 |
| Mitigation of Concern | 17 | 29.3 |
| Prevention of Industrial Development of Noxious Facility | 12 | 20.7 |
| Other Policy-related Outcomes | 3 | 5.2 |
| Application of Any Aforementioned Advocacy Efforts with Unsuccessful Policy-related Outcomes | 10 | 17.2 |
| No Policy-related Outcome Reported | 14 | 24.1 |
| Mention of Policy Implications of Research Findings | 36 | 62.1 |
Note: * Categories not mutually exclusive.