PdOLP1 overexpression restricted development, and PdOLP1 downregulation promoted growth. (a) Transgenic poplar plants were identified by amplifying the NptII-sensitive marker (Table S3). M, DNA molecular weight marker; O3, O12, and O21, PdOLP1-overexpressing poplar plants; DR8, DR15 and DR32, PdOLP1-downregulated poplar plants. (b) Southern blot analysis of PCR identified transgenic poplar plants. Genomic DNA of the plants digested with XbaI was hybridized with the NptII probe. OE21, PdOLP1-OE hybrid transgenic poplar line; DR8, PdOLP1-DR poplar line; WT, wildtype. (c,d) Confirmation of PdOLP1 expression levels in the transgenic plants by qRT-PCR. TUA1 (c) and UBQ1 (d) were used as reference genes. Error bars represent the standard deviation from the mean. (e) Growth comparison of 150-day-old WT1 poplar and the PdOLP1-OE lines OE3, OE12 and OE21. Growth comparison of 150-day-old WT2 poplar and the PdOLP1-DR lines DR8, DR15 and DR32 (right). The scale bars correspond to 21.71 cm/in (e).