Table 2.
Altered histone methylation in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cells cultured under high glucose (HG) conditions.
| Histone Methylation | DN | Model | Sample | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activating marks | H3K4m2 | ↓ global | db/db mice (early time points) | Kidney | [95] |
| ↑ global | Uninephrectomiced db/db mice | ||||
| ↑ in Ccl21, Fsp1 | OVE26 mice (T1D) | Kidney | [97] | ||
| STZ rats | Kidney | ||||
| H3K4m1/2/3 | ↑ in EMT-associated genes | HG in rat cells | Mesangial cells | [103] | |
| H3K4m3 | ↑ global | T1D patients | Blood monocytes | [93] | |
| Repressive mark | H3K9m2 | ↑ in IL1A | HG in human cells | THP-1 monocytes | [91] |
| T1D and T2D patients | Blood monocytes | ||||
| ↑ in CLTA4 | T1D patients | Blood lymphocytes | [92] | ||
| H3K9m3 | ↓ in Fn1, p21 | HG in mouse cells | Mesangial cells | [101] | |
| H3K9m2/3 | ↓ in EMT-associated genes | HG in rat cells | Mesangial cells | [103] | |
| H3K27m2 | ↓ global | Adriamycin mice | Isolated podocytes | [98] | |
| DKD patients | Isolated podocytes | ||||
| ↓ in Pai-1, Ccl2 | STZ rats | Kidney | [99] | ||
| TGF-β1 in rat cells | Mesangial cells | ||||
| ↓ in Pax6 | STZ rats | Kidney | [100] | ||
| HG in mouse cells | Podocytes | ||||
| H3K27m3 | ↓ in Ccl21, Fsp1 | OVE26 mice (T1D) | Kidney | [97] | |
| STZ rats | Kidney | ||||
Streptozotocin (STZ) induces insulin-deficient diabetes that resembles type 1 DM, although there is no autoimmune component while db/db mice are a model for type 2 DM (T2D). Upward looking arrows mean increased methylation and downward looking arrows mean decreased methylation.