| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Man-3DG | α-Mangostin-3-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucopyranoside |
| Man-6DG | α-Mangostin 6-O-β-D-2-deoxyglucopyranoside |
| HIF-1α | Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| HGF | Hepatic growth factor |
| MAPK | Mitogen activated protein kinase |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase |
| AKT | Protein kinase B |
| STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| FITC | Fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| PI | Propidium iodide |
| 3-MA | 3-Methyladenine |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| HUVEC | Human umbilical vein endothelial cell |
| CM | Conditioned medium |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| mTORC1 | Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| HGFR | Hepatocyte growth factor receptor |
| PHD | Prolyl-hydroxylase |
| DMOG | Dimethyloxalylglycine |
| CSC | Cancer stem cell |
| Bcl-XL | B-cell lymphoma-extra large |
| Bax | Bcl-2-associated X protein |
| Atg5 | Autophagy related 5 |
| LC3B | Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B |
| p62 | Nucleoporin p62 |
| Oct4 | Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 |
| Sox2 | Sex-determining region Y-box 2 |