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. 2020 Jun 9;21(11):4109. doi: 10.3390/ijms21114109

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Respiratory functions during the 4 months of cigarette smoke exposure. (B) Tidal volume (TV), (C) minute ventilation (MV), (G) peak inspiratory flow (PIF) and (H) peak expiratory flow (PEF) significantly decreased after CSE with a peak at 3 months in Trpa1^+/+ mice. The significant strain differences in (A) frequency, (D) inspiratory time (Ti), (E) expiratory time (Te) and (F) relaxation time (RT) observed already in intact mice were not influenced by CSE. (I) Enhanced pause did not show any differences either by treatment or by strain. Values represent means ± SEM, n = 6–7 mice/group; two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test; ⁺ p < 0.05, ⁺⁺ p < 0.005, ⁺⁺⁺ p < 0.001 vs. PBS-treated respective group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001 vs. LPS-treated Trpa1^+/+.