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Polyanionic ligands do not stimulate TLR-mediated cytokine induction. Bg-PMϕ from WT and MyD88–/– mice were stimulated with 1 µg/ml of each polyanionic ligand and the induction of IL-6 (a) and TNF-α (b) was measured. Cells were separately stimulated with E. coli LPS (100 ng/ml), which served as a positive control for cytokine induction.
