Table 1.

The study questions of food and nutrition-related knowledge and attitude.

Dimension	Total Number of Items	Description	References
Dietary fiber-related knowledge	7	Which foods that contained high fibre? /Eating adequate amounts of dietary fibre can prevent and treat diseases? Which diseases can prevent and treat dietary in fibre?/Fast-food consumption, in general, contributes to our dietary fibre intake?/Regular consumption of dietary fibre may reduce blood cholesterol levels?/Dietary fibre Can help maintain our body-weight/Dietary fibres have calorie	Macías et al. [52] Deniz et al. [61] Guiné et al. [62] Bookari et al. [63]
Micronutrients- related knowledge	9	Micronutrient deficiency-related health problem/knowledge about micronutrients food: Fe, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, B vitamins, vitamin E and vitamin B12/Have you ever heard or read that vitamin folic acid can help and prevent birth deceases	Macías et al. [52] Bookari et al. [63] Augustine et al. [64]
Iron-related knowledge	7	What are the health risks of a lack of iron in the diet?/What causes anaemia?/How can anaemia be prevented?/Can you list examples of foods rich in iron?/When taken during meals, certain foods help the body absorb and use iron?/What are those foods some beverages decrease iron absorption when taken with meals, Which ones?/Have you heard about iron-deficiency anaemia? If Yes: Can you tell me how you can recognize someone who has anaemia?	Macías et al. [52]
Fat-related knowledge	5	Which food in high fat? /Do you know the risk of consuming high-fat food? What is the risk of consuming a high-fat food? Which fat good for the body? /How much do you daily consuming oil and which type of oil are you using?	Macías et al. [52] Stafleu et al. [65]
Food and nutrition diseases	6	Knowledge of high blood pressure, cholesterol/Knowledge about micronutrition deficiencies is low nutrition food consumption salty snack is harmful health/Is fast food contains low nutrition or not?/Unhealthy eating patterns are the risk of future health/Do you know eating nutritious food can live a healthy life	Macías et al. [52]
Vitamins and mineral-related knowledge	7	Why vitamin and mineral are essential?/What are the most important vitamin and minerals for your body?/Which vitamin and minerals are good for bone development?/Which vitamin and minerals are good for energy production and immune function?/Why is protein important for humans? Which vitamin and minerals are good for healthy eyes and general growth and development? /What are daily essential vitamins for your body.	Macías et al. [52]
Healthy food-related knowledge	9	What is a balanced diet? /Why is a balanced diet important? Do you know the food pyramid? /What foods are healthy? What food should you eat every day?/Which foods are the healthiest?/Which foods should not eat or unhealthy?/Which cooking method is protecting nutrition in vegetables/How well do you think it is to have different types of foods at meals?	Macías et al. [52]
Healthy food attitude	8	The food I eat must keep me (healthy/nutritious/contains vitamins and minerals) / I always follow a healthy and balanced diet/I eat what I like and I do not worry about the healthiness of food/The healthiness of food has little impact on my food choices/Ranking of food choice motives (Taste, Convenience, Health & Nutrition, Price)/What I eat and what I don’t care about is the healthiness of food_?	Macías et al. [52] Naughton et al. [66]
Attention to preparing nutritious food attitude	6	Are you eating nutritious food every day?/When you are preparing food you are attention balanced diet?/Which type of food do you prefer to eat?/Are you preparing the main meal yourself and if yes, are you attention nutrition guidelines? How confident do you feel about preparing nutritious food for your family?	Macías et al. [52] Alvarenga et al. [67]
Willingness to buy nutritional food	2	What type of food are you willing to buy?/When you are buying food in the markets your choices are (Taste, Convenience, Health & Nutrition, Price)	Macías et al. [52] Huang & Chung [68] Tsakiridou et al. [69]
Satisfaction about eating practices	2	How confident do you feel about preparing nutritious food for your family? Are you satisfied with daily meal patterns and knowledge?	Macías et al. [52] Liu et al. [70]
Willing to get nutrition information	2	Are you willing to learn more knowledge about healthy food and nutrition? Would you like to join nutrition education programs in your region?	Macías et al. [52] James [71] Prelip et al. [72]