Table 1.
Summarized list of Phytochemicals/Macromolecules used in nano-based Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) research.
| Phytochemical/Macromolecule | Nanoparticles/Carrier | In Vitro/In Vivo Models | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thymoquinone | LPS, alginate microcapsule | HT-29 | [38] |
| Resveratrol | CTS-NPs | in vitro | [40] |
| Curcumin | CTS NPs | DSS/CAC | [54] |
| Curcumin | HA-PLGA-NPs | HT-29 | [144] |
| Curcumin | C-SBLNPs | DSS | [145] |
| Curcumin | Theracurmin-HP | DSS | [146] |
| Curcumin | PEG | DSS | [53] |
| Curcumin | CTS NPs | DSS-AOM | [54] |
| Curcumin | SNEDDS, NLC, and LCSPNC | DSS | [1] |
| Ginger active compound, 6-shogaol | PLGA/PLA-PEG-FA and PLGA/PLA-PEG-FA-chitosan alginate hydrogel | colon-26, Raw 264.7, and DSS | [147] |
| Ginger | GDNPs 2 | RAW 264.7, Caco-2BBE, Colon-26, and AOM-DSS | [13] |
| Quercetin | PEG-coated vesicles with CTS | TNBS | [58] |
| Quercetin, Glycoside | Glycoside-Rutin | DSS | [59,60] |
| Embelin | Cellulose and Eudragit S 100 polymer microspheres | AA and DSS | [68] |
| Grape Exosome | GELNPs and LLNs | DSS | [72,73] |
| Silymarin | Selenium NPs and Eudragit NPs | TNBS and AA | [74,75] |
| Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) | Albumin | DSS | [82] |
| Piceatannol (PCT) | Albumin | DSS | [82] |
| Tuftsin | Phosphocholine | DSS | [85,86] |
| Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | SSM NPs | DSS | [88,91] |
| Bacteria | |||
| Salmonella acetyltransferase, AvrA | eGFP cross linked DTSSP NPs | in vitro, DSS | [99] |
| Probiotic derived protein p40 | Pectin/Zein Hydrogel | in vitro, ex vivo, and DSS | [100] |
| Colonic bacteria | ZnO NPs | DSS | [135] |
| Engineered Biomimetic Nanovesicles | |||
| α4β7 integrin | SLKs | DSS | [104] |
| Antibodies | |||
| Hsp60 | Virus-like particles | DSS | [148] |
| Ly6C | Lipid-based NPs | DSS | [130] |
| Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 | MnO NPs | DSS | [149] |
| scCD98 | CTS and alginate hydrogel | DSS | [105] |
| Tumor necrosis factor-alpha | Lactococcus lactis nanobodies | DSS | [150] |
| Nucleic Acids | |||
| NF-kB decoy oligonucleotide | CTS-PLGA NSs | DSS | [118] |
| Plasmid DNA containing PIAS1 | TAC6 polymer-sodium polyaspartate NG | DSS | [151] |
| IL-10 containing plasmid | Type B gelatin NPs-PCL | TNBS | [127] |
| IL-10 RNA | LNPs | in vivo | [128] |
| IL-10 Modified mRNA | LNPs | RAW 264.7 DSS | [129] |
| CD98 siRNA | GDLVs | Caco-2BBE, RAW 264.7, colon-26, and DSS | [7] |
| CD98 siRNA | NPs and NPs-chitosan/alginate hydrogel | Colon-26, RAW 264.7, and DSS | [105] |
| CyD1 siRNA | tsNPs | DSS | [125] |
| TNF-α siRNA | GC-NPs | DSS | [152] |
| TNF-α siRNA | TKNs-B Gelatin-PCL | DSS | [115] |
| TNF-α siRNA | TPP-PPM NPs | DSS | [153] |
| TNF-α siRNA | PLA-PEG-chitosan/alginate hydrogel | DSS | [154] |
| TNFα siRNA | PEI/PL/PVA | MPs and LPS | [117] |
| MAPK4 siRNA | β1,3-d-glucan shells | LPS | [120] |
| miR31 | OKGM | DSS | [132] |
| miR-29 | sCA NPs | DSS | [131] |
LPS, Lipopolysaccharide; CTS-NPs, Chitosan-based biocompatible hydrogel nanoparticles; CTS, Chitosan; HA-PLGA, Hyaluronan-Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)acid; cSBLNPs, Solid binarylipid nanoparticles; SNEDDS, Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems; NLC, Nanostructured lipid carriers; LCSPNC, lipid core-shell protamine nanocapsules; GDNPs, Ginger-derived nanoparticles; PEG, Polyethylene glycol; GELNPs, Grape exosome-like NPs; LLNS, liposome-like nanospheres; SSM, Sterically stabilized micelles; LNPs, lipid NPs; GC, Galactosylated chitosan; PLA-PEG, Poly(lactic acid)Poly(ethylene glycol); TPP-PPM NPs, Sodium triphosphate-mannosylated bioreducible cationic polymer NPs; PEI-PL-PVA, Polyethyleneimine-polylactide-polyvinylalcohol; OKGM, Oxidized konjac glucomannan microspheres; sCA, Supercarbonate apatite NPs; TKNs, Thioketal; PCL, poly (ε-caprolactone); PIAS1, protein inhibitor of activated STAT1; tsNPs, Targeted stabilized NPs; DTSSP, dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidylpropionate).