Table 2.

Characterized autotransporters of pathogenic enterobacteria.

Organisms	Autotransporters	T5SS Subclass	Proposed Function	Reference
EHEC, EPEC
	Cah	5a	Autoaggregation and biofilm formation	[107]
	EhaA	5a	Autoaggregation and biofilm formation	[108]
	EhaB	5a	Binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, biofilm formation	[109]
	EhaD a	5a	Biofilm formation	[108]
	EhaG	5c	Binding to ECM molecules, biofilm formation	[110]
	EhaJ	5a	Binding to ECM molecules, biofilm formation	[111]
	EspC b	5a	Regulation of T3SS secretion, cytotoxin	[112]
	EspP a	5a	Regulation of T3SS, cleavage of coagulation and complement factors, formation of rope-like adhesive aggregates	[112]
	FdeC	5e	Binding to host cells and ECM molecules, autoaggregation and biofilm formation	[113]
	IatB	5e	Biofilm formation	[114]
	IatD	5e	Biofilm formation	[114]
	Intimin	5e	Binding to Tir; actin pedestal formation	[115]
	YeeJ	5e	Biofilm formation	[116]
EIEC, Shigella sp.
	IcsA	5a	Adhesion to host cells; actin-based intracellular motility	[117]
	Pic	5a	Mucin degradation, serum resistance	[112]
	Sat c	5a	Cytotoxin	[112]
	SepA c	5a	Disruption of apical pole of polarized epithelial cells, facilitation of invasion	[112]
	SigA c	5a	Cytotoxin	[112]
Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis
	Invasin (InvA)	5e	Binding to β1 integrins; invasion of M cells	[118]
	Ifp (InvB) d	5e	Binding to and invasion of epithelial cells	[119]
	InvC	5e	Binding to epithelial cells	[120]
	InvD d	5e	Binding to Fab fragment of immunoglobulins, binding to B cells	[121]
	YadA	5c	Binding to ECM molecules and serum components; host cell adhesion and immune evasion	[122]
	YapC d	5a	Autoaggregation and biofilm formation, binding to host cells	[123]
	YapE	5a	Autoaggregation, binding to host cells	[124]
	YapV d	5a	Binding to N-WASP and ECM molecules	[125]

^a Only in EHEC; ^b only in EPEC; ^c only in Shigella spp.; ^d only in Y. pseudotuberculosis.