Table 4.
Multivariate associations between risk factors and changes in urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ΔACR) over the summer months (June–September, 2016) among 65 construction workers in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| Variables † | Model 1 | p-Value * | Model 2 ‡ | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |||
| Intercept | 31.67 (0.96:62.37) | 0.04 | 18.37 (−2.89:39.64) | 0.09 |
| Age (years) | −0.84 (−1.59:−0.10) | 0.03 | −0.57 (−1.19:0.05) | 0.07 |
| Hydration status-June a | ||||
| Significant dehydration | 28.41 (13.45:43.37) | <0.01 | 30.60 (15.88:45.32) | <0.01 |
| Minimal dehydration | −1.20 (−11.50:9.10) | 0.82 | 0.88 (−8.52:10.27) | 0.85 |
| Well hydrated | Ref | Ref | ||
| Sleeping hours b | ||||
| <8 h | 16.69 (6.59:26.79) | <0.01 | 17.38 (7.12:27.64) | <0.01 |
| ≥8 h | Ref | Ref | ||
| BMI c | ||||
| ≥25 kg/m2 (overweight) | 15.17 (0.49:29.84) | 0.04 | 16.13 (1.50:30.76) | 0.03 |
| <25 kg/m2 (normal) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Hypertension d | ||||
| Yes | 15.06 (0.17:29.95) | 0.05 | 12.55 (−3.17:28.28) | 0.12 |
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
† Stepwise method was used to select the best fitting models. ‡ The three workers who had albuminuria (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g) at the start of summer were not included in the model. * Bold values denote statistical significance at p < 0.05. a Determined from self-reported rating of urine color: 1–2 well hydrated, 3–4 minimal dehydration, and 5–8 significant dehydration; b Self-reported average daily sleeping hours; c Calculated using individual height and weight measurements; d Defined as measured systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg.