Table 2.

MRS hippocampal metabolites in Diabetic (Dia) and Non-Diabetic (Non-Dia) Rats + NMN (100 mg/day).

Metabolite mM	Non-Dia 1	Dia 2	Non-Dia + NMN 3	Dia + NMN 4	1 vs. 2	2 vs. 4	1 vs. 3	3 vs. 4	1 vs. 4
GABA	0.29	0.33	0.27	0.27	0.018	0.01	NS	NS	NS
Glucose	0.61	1.07	0.60	0.97	<0.001	NS	NS	0.002	0.002
Glutamine	0.38	0.37	0.36	0.36	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Glutamate	1.16	1.31	1.14	1.14	<0.001	<0.001	NS	NS	NS
Ph. Choline	0.14	0.12	0.14	0.15	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Myoinositol	1.00	1.15	1.00	1.16	0.018	NS	NS	NS	0.014
NAA	1.22	1.03	1.23	1.19	0.002	0.003	NS	NS	NS
Taurine	0.81	0.91	0.79	0.87	<0.001	0.010	NS	0.04	0.007
GSH	0.25	0.17	0.27	0.21	<0.001	0.006	NS	0.03	0.009
GPC + PCh	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.19	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
NAA + NAAG	1.17	1.19	1.14	1.14	NS	0.013	NS	NS	NS
Glu + Gln	1.54	1.67	1.51	1.50	0.031	0.008	NS	NS	NS

MRS = magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Values are expressed as a mean ratio to creatine + phosphocreatine; Glu = glutamate; Gln = glutamine; PCh = phosphatidyl choline; NAA = N-acetyl aspartate; GSH = glutathione; NAAG = N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate. NS = not significant.