| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate activated-protein kinase |
| ATF6 | activating transcription factor 6 |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| CHOP | C/EBP homologous protein |
| HUVECs | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| IRE1α | inositol-requiring protein 1α |
| MGO | methylglyoxal |
| NAC | N-acetyl cysteine |
| PERK | protein kinase dsRNA-activated protein kinase–like ER kinase |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| UPR | unfolded protein responses |
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