Table 2.
Cultural uses of herptiles and fishes in the study area
| Sr. # | Scientific, common, and local name | FC | RFC | CU | STS | MD | NR | CC | TL | ET | FD | HF | MG | EX | OR | SPR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bufotes latastii (Boulenger, 1882), Ladakh Toad, Chitkbra daddo | 7 | 0.401 | 2 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 2 | Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864),, Indus Valley toad, Ghariallo daddo | 30 | 1.720 | 3 | LC | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 3 | Microhyla ornata (Dumerila and Bibron, 1841), Ant Frog, Bona daddo | 7 | 0.401 | 2 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 4 | Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829), Asian Grass Frog, Pidda daddo | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 5 | Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin, 1802), Indian Bullfrog, Wada daddo | 40 | 2.294 | 4 | LC | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 6 | Sphaerotheca breviceps (Schneider, 1799), Indian burrowing frog, Chota dahri daddo | 5 | 0.287 | 4 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 7 | Aspideretes gangeticus Ernst and Barbour, 1989, Indian soft shell, Plaither | 8 | 0.459 | 5 | VU | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 8 | Aspideretes hurum Ernst and Barbour, 1989, Peacock soft shell, Kachhokuma | 8 | 0.459 | 5 | VU | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 9 | Lissemys punctata andersoni Webb, 1980, Indian Flap-shelled Turtle, Hara kachopra | 7 | 0.401 | 5 | LC | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 10 | Calotes minor (Hardwicke and gray, 1827), Hardwicke's Short Tail Agama, Choti dum kirli | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 11 | Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802), Oriental garden lizard, Girgit | 12 | 0.688 | 3 | NE | √ | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 12 | Laudakia agrorensis (Stoliczka, 1872), Agror agama, Goh | 20 | 1.147 | 4 | NE | √ | X | X | √ | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 13 | Laudakia melanura melanura (Blyth, 1854), Black agama, Kali kirli | 2 | 0.115 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 14 | Trapelus agilis pakistanensis Rastegar-Pouyani, 1999, Brilliant ground agama, Korh kirla | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 15 | Eublepharis macularius (Blyth, 1854), Common leopard gecko, Korh kirli | 6 | 0.344 | 4 | NE | √ | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 16 | Cyrtopodion montiumsalsorum (Annandale, 1913), Salt range ground gecko, Sahrai kirli | 4 | 0.229 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 17 | Cyrtopodion Scabrum (Heydenn 1827), Common tuberculated ground gecko, Toor kirli | 2 | 0.115 | 2 | LC | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 18 | Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rüppell, 1835, Yellow belly common house gecko, Gharailo kirli | 44 | 2.523 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 19 | Hemidactylus persicus Anderson, 1872, Persian house gecko, Irani kirli | 3 | 0.172 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 20 | Acanthodactylus cantoris Gunther, 1864, Blue tailed sand lizard, Neeli poosh kirli | 0.000 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ | |
| 21 | Ophisops jerdonii Blyth, 1853, Punjab snake-eyed lacerta, Safaid dahari kirli | 4 | 0.229 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 22 | Ablepharus grayanus (Stoliczka, 1872), Earless snake eyed skink, Bahri kirli | 1 | 0.057 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 23 | Ablepharus pannonicus (Fitzinger, 1824), Red tail snake eyed skink, Surakh posh kirli | 3 | 0.172 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 24 | Eutropis macularia (Blyth, 1853), Bronz grass skink, Bori kaa kirli | 2 | 0.115 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 25 | Eurylepis taeniolatus taeniolatus Blyth, 1854, Alpine Punjab skink, Maidani kirli | 3 | 0.172 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 26 | Ophiomorus tridactylus(Blyth, 1853), Three toed snake skink, Tray ungl kirli | 2 | 0.115 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 27 | Scincella himalayana (Günther, 1864), Himalayan skink, Pahari kirli | 2 | 0.115 | 2 | NE | X | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 28 | Uromastyx hardwickii Smith,1935, Indus spiny-tail lizard, Sanda | 24 | 1.376 | 3 | NE | √ | X | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 29 | Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802), Bengal Monitor, Bengali goh, Goh | 20 | 1.147 | 4 | LC | √ | X | X | √ | X | X | √ | X | X | X | √ |
| 30 | Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus Hahn, 1978, long-nosed worm snake, Dhaga sap | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 31 | Ramphotyphlops braminus Daudin, 1803, Barhminy blind snake, Dhaga sap | 3 | 0.172 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 32 | Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758), Rock pathon, Azdha sap | 5 | 0.287 | 4 | VU | √ | √ | X | X | √ | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 33 | Amphiesma stolatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Buff Striped Keelback, Lakeer dhari sap | 5 | 0.287 | 3 | NE | X | √ | X | X | √ | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 34 | Boiga trigonata (Schneider, 1802), Common cat snake, Billi sap | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 35 | Lytorhynchus paradoxus (Gunther, 1875), Sind longnose sand snake, Ollu sap | 6 | 0.344 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 36 | Oligodon arnensis arnensis (Shaw, 1802), Banded kukri snake, Kukri Sap | 6 | 0.344 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 37 | Oligodon taeniolatus taeniolatus (Jerdon, 1853), Streaked kukri snake, Kukri sap | 4 | 0.229 | 2 | LC | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 38 | Platyceps rhodorachis rhodorachis (Jan, 1865), Cliff racer, Pheesi sap | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 39 | Eryx johnii(Russell, 1801), Common Sand boa, Do moi | 22 | 1.261 | 3 | NE | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 40 | Psammophis leithii leithii Günther, 1869, Steppe ribbon snake, Teer maar sap | 8 | 0.459 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 41 | Psammophis schokari schokari (Forskal, 1775), Schokari sand racer snake, Saharai sap | 5 | 0.287 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 42 | Ptyas mucosus mucosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Indian rat snake, Chohay-maar sap | 25 | 1.433 | 4 | NE | √ | √ | X | X | √ | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 43 | Xenochrophis piscator piscator (Schneider, 1799), Chekered keelback, Chitra sap | 8 | 0.459 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 44 | Bungarus caeruleus caeruleus (Schneider, 1801), Common krait, Sangchor sap | 12 | 0.688 | 2 | NE | X | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 45 | Naja naja naja (Linnaeus, 1768), Indian cobra, Kala naag | 17 | 0.975 | 5 | LC | √ | √ | X | X | √ | X | √ | √ | X | X | X |
| 46 | Daboia russelii russelii (Shaw and Nodder, 1797), Russell's chain viper, Dabian wala sap | 8 | 0.459 | 3 | NE | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | |
| 47 | Echis carinatus sochureki Stemmler, 1964, Sind Valley saw snake viper, Pathar Sap | 7 | 0.401 | 3 | NE | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | √ | X | X | X | X |
| 48 | Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844), Grass carp, Grass carp | 51 | 2.924 | 6 | NE | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 49 | Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Common carp, Gulfam | 62 | 3.555 | 6 | VU | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 50 | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844), Silver carp, Silver carp | 60 | 3.440 | 6 | NT | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 51 | Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822), Mrigal carp, Mori | 50 | 2.867 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 52 | Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton, 1822), Reba carp, Reba Machhali | 67 | 3.842 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 53 | Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822), Rohu, Raho | 90 | 5.161 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 54 | Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822), Orangefin labeo, Kalbans | 55 | 3.154 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 55 | Labeo dero (Hamilton, 1822), Dero, Dero machhali | 57 | 3.268 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 56 | Gibelion catla (Hamilton, 1822), Catla, Thaila | 56 | 3.211 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 57 | Channa punctata(Bloch, 1793), Spotted snakehead, Dola | 58 | 3.326 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 58 | Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822), Great snakehead, Soul | 58 | 3.326 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 59 | Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nile tilapia, Tilapia/Chira machhli | 53 | 3.039 | 6 | NE | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 60 | Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822), Rita, Khaga | 47 | 2.695 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 61 | Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822), Goonch, Foji Khaga | 66 | 3.784 | 6 | NT | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 62 | Mystus cavasius (Hamilton, 1822), Gangetic mystus, Tangra machhali | 10 | 0.573 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 63 | Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède, 1800), Zig-zag eel, Baam machhali | 65 | 3.727 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 64 | Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839), Giant river-catfish, Sangari | 62 | 3.555 | 5 | NE | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 65 | Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), wallago catfish, Mali | 68 | 3.899 | 6 | NT | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 66 | Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822), Batchwa vacha, Jhali | 56 | 3.211 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 67 | Tor macrolepis Heckel, 1838, Masheer, Masheer | 40 | 2.294 | 5 | NE | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 68 | Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822), Garua bachcha, Bachhwa | 9 | 0.516 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 69 | Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769), Bronze featherback, But Pari | 25 | 1.433 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X |
| 70 | Barilius modestusDay, 1872, Indus baril, Lahori Chalwa | 8 | 0.459 | 5 | NE | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 71 | Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822), Spotfin swamp barb, Sophore popra | 7 | 0.401 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 72 | Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822), Ticto barb, Ticto popra | 5 | 0.287 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 73 | Parambassis ranga (Hamilton, 1822), Indian glassy fish, Ranga sheesha | 8 | 0.459 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | √ | X |
| 74 | Sisor rabdophorus Hamilton, 1822, Sisor catfish, Kirla machhali | 7 | 0.401 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 75 | Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822), Freshwater needlefish, Kaan Machhali | 5 | 0.287 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 76 | Garra gotyla (Gray, 1830), Gotyla, Pather Chat | 7 | 0.401 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 77 | Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822), Cotio, Pali roo machhali | 5 | 0.287 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 78 | Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822), Large razorbelly minnow, Choti chal machhali | 6 | 0.344 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 79 | Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794), Stinging catfish, Sangehi machhali | 5 | 0.287 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 80 | Gagata cenia (Hamilton, 1822), Indian gagata, Gagata cenia | 8 | 0.459 | 6 | LC | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
| 81 | Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822, Barred spiny eel, Garoj | 7 | 0.401 | 5 | LC | X | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | X | X | X | X | X |
MD medicinal, NR narrative, CC commercial, TL tools, ET entertainment, FD food, HF harmful, OR ornamental, SPR superstitious, STS status