Table 1.

Principal constituents of S. nigra and their functions.

S. N.	Constituent	Functions
1.	Kaempferol	Anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic activity, anticancer, prevention of liver and metabolic diseases (Ren et. al, 2019).
2.	Quercetin	Anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulatory effect, anticancer, antiviral (Anand et. al, 2016)
3.	Rutin	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects (Ghorbani A, 2017).
4.	Astragalin	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, neuro- and cardioprotective, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activity (Riaz et. al, 2018).
5.	Chlorogenic acid	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity (Tajik et. al, 2017).
6.	Caffeic acid	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, antihypertensive, antifibrosis, antiviral, and anticancer activity (Liang et. al, 2015).
7.	Protocateuchic acid	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, antiatherosclerotic activity and cardioprotective activity, hepatoprotective activity, and nephroprotective activity (Kakkar and Bais, 2014).
8.	Myricetin	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, anticancer, antiallergic, immunomodulatory, and antithrombosis (Semwal et. al, 2016).