Table 1.
Characteristics of patients and healthy controls
| Patients (n = 45) | Healthy controls (n = 45) | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic data | |||
| Females, n(%) | 18 (40) | 18 (40) | NS |
| Age (years) mean (SD) | 35.60 (11.53) | 35.29 (11.08) | NS |
| Educational level b mean (SD) | 3.33 (0.82) | 5.11 (1.36) | t = 7.65 (72.019), p < 0.001 |
| Hand laterality (right) n (%) | 38 (84) | 39 (87) | NS |
| Neuropsychological functionsa mean (SD) | |||
| Premorbid IQ (WAT) | 98 (8.38) | 105 (6.35) | F = 1.82 (1,90), p = 0.170 |
| Verbal attention (Digit-FW) | 7.96 (2.09) | 9.67 (2.19) | F = 2.76 (1,90), p = 0.069 |
| Verbal working-memory (Digit-BW) | 5.58 (2.17) | 7.29 (2.37) | F = 3.02 (1,90), p = 0.054 |
| MMSE | 29.04 (0.97) | 29.40 (0.80) | F = 0.44 (1,90), p = 0.640 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age of first hospitalization mean (SD) | 28.07 (13.86) | ||
| Antipsychotics | |||
| Typical, n (%) | 6 (13) | ||
| Atypical,n (%) | 56 (87) | ||
| Mood stabilizer n (%) | 12 (27) | ||
| Antidepressantsn (%) | 8 (18) | ||
| Anxiolytics n (%) | 40 (44) | ||
| PANSS | |||
| Positive symptoms mean (SD)(range) | 17 (7.85) (7-35) | ||
| Negative symptoms mean (SD) (range) | 17.43 (6.44) (7-34) | ||
| Attention deficit mean (SD) (range) | 2.76 (1.11) (1-5) | ||
a controlling for educational level. Note: b Educational level based on the following classification: 1 = no formal education; 2 = uncompleted primary education; 3 = completed primary education; 4 = uncompleted secondary school; 5 = completed secondary school; 6 = uncompleted university education; 7 = completed university studies. NS not significant, SD standard deviation, FW forward, BW backward, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination test, WAT Word Accentuation test, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome scale