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Frequency of cytokine-producing (A) CD4+ T cells and (B) CD8+ T cells from gingival tissue of subjects with periodontitis (PD) or type 2 diabetes with PD (PD/T2D) following stimulation of cells with PMA + ionomycin. Spots for the indicated cytokine detected per 100 cells plated into ELISpot well. Sample sizes are as shown in the Table, although not every sample yielded sufficient cells for analysis of all cytokines. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
