Table 3.

Literature concerning surgical smoke plumes.

Study	Country, year	Design	Pathogen evaluated	Type of smoke	Positive results
Mowbray et al [48]	Multiple, 2013	Systematic review	HPVa, compounds, cells, particles	Diathermy, laser, ultrasonic-derived smoke	20 studies included
Subbarayan et al [54]	United States, 2019	Case series	HPV16	Laparoscopic electrosurgery	0/6 cases
Neumann et al [55]	Germany, 2017	Prospective pilot series	HPV	Loop electrosurgical excision procedure	4/24 cases
Dodhia et al [56]	United States, 2017	Case series	HPV	KTP laser	0/12 fibers
Kashima et al [57]	United States, 2016	Case series	HPV	CO2 laser	17/30 cases
Garden et al [58]	United States, 2015	Animal study	Papillomavirus	CO2 laser	3/3 cases
Kwak et al [49]	Korea, 2014	Case series	Hepatitis B	Laparoscopic electrosurgery	10/11 cases
Manson [59]	United States, 2013	Review	HPV	CO2 laser	4 studies included
Weynandt et al [50]	Germany 2010	Case series	HPV	CO2 laser, argon plasma	0/28 cases
Taravella et al [60]	United States, 1998	Experiment	Polio virus	Excimer laser	2/2 cases
Hughes et al [61]	United States, 1997	Case series	HPV	Erbium YAG laser	0/5 cases
Hagen et al [62]	United States, 1997	Experiment	Pseudorabies virus	Excimer laser	0/20 cases
Gloster et al [63]	United States, 1995	Survey	HPV	CO2 laser	31/570 reports
Jewett et al [64]	United States, 1992	Experiment	Hemoglobin	Drill aerosols	5 of 5 cases
Starr et al [65]	United States, 1992	Experiment	Simian immunodeficiency virus	CO2 laser	0 of 5 cases
Baggish et al [52]	United States, 1991	Case series	HIV	CO2 laser	0 of 12 cases
Hallmo et al [66]	Norway, 1990	Case report	HPV	Erbium YAG laser	1 of 1 cases
Andre et al [67]	France, 1990	Case report	HPV	CO2 laser	2 of 2 cases
Sawchuk et al [68]	United States, 1988	Case series	HPV	CO2 laser	4 of 8 cases
Bellina et al [69]	United States, 1982	Experiment	HPV	CO2 laser	No viable virus

^aHPV: human papillomavirus.