TABLE 3.

State-based Requirements for Non-Radiologist Physicians Operating Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy Certification Requirements	States
Examination-based Licensure Criteria (n=1)	California
Non-Examination Based Recommendations (n=21) (Radiation instruction, continuing medical education)	Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Nebraska, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia
No regulations (n=29)	Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming