Table 1.
Investigated nBFRs, their abbreviations, restriction and the main applications and uses.
| Abbreviation | Nomenclature | Restriction | Application and Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| TBBPA | Tetrabromobisphenol A | ✓ * | Additive in resins used in plastic casings of electronic devices and in printed circuit boards and in several types of polymers [9]. |
| TBPH | bis (2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate | X | Used in the foams of polyurethane as a mixture of TBB and TBPH (ratio about 4:1 in mass) commercially known as “Firemaster 550”. |
| TBB | 2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabrombenzoate | X | Additive in foams of polyurethane. |
| TBP | 2,4,6-tribromophenol | X | Added in polyurethanes plastic, resins and paper-based products and flame retardant intermediate [10]. |
| BTBPE | 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane | ✓ ** | Additive used in acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymers (ABS), high impact polystyrenes (HIPS), and in electronics. |
| DPTE | 2,3-dibromopropyl-2, 4, 6-tribromophenylether | ✓ ** | Main component of the brominated flame retardant (BFR) Bromkal 73-5 PE. |
| ATE | Allyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether | ✓ ** | Additive use in EPS and PS foam (both rigid and flexible foams). |
| HBB | Hexabromobenzene | X | Additive flame retardant in paper, textiles, electronics, and plastics and decomposition product of other FRs. |
| HCDBCO | Hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane | X | Additive in plastics and polymers, especially in polystyrene [11]. |
| PBBA | Pentabromobenzyl Acrylate | X | Used as monomer in dispersion polymerization process polyester and polystyrene. |
| PBEB | 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene | ✓ ** | Additive in circuit boards, textiles, wire coatings, and polyurethane foam [12]. |
| TBCO | 1,2,5,6–tetrabromocycloctane | X | Additive in plastics, paints and in the textile industry. |
| TBECH | 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane | X | Additive in construction materials, electric cables, polystyrene-based insulation panels, plastics and adhesives. |
* Legislative restrictions in Europe through the IPPC (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control) Directive [13]. ** Chemicals listed as Low Production Volume (LPV) chemical in Europe.