Figure 4.

Examples of the effect of T+E2 treatment on inguinal hernias observed in this study, also showing the percent of males within each T+E2 group with inguinal hernias (only T+E2-treated males showed inguinal hernias). CTL-0 is an untreated normal male, and the lower panel shows the absence of an inguinal hernia. CTL-TE2 is a perinatal untreated male exposed to T and E2 in adulthood. The top panel shows the wetness of fur around the penis indicative of droplet voiding, and the bottom panel shows an enlarged bladder in the right inguinal canal. BPA-TE2 is a male treated perinatally with BPA and then T and E2 in adulthood. The top panel shows the wetness of fur around penis, and the bottom panel shows an enlarged bladder herniated on the left side and the cecum herniated on the right side. DES-TE2 is a male treated perinatally with diethylstilbestrol (DES) and then T and E2 in adulthood. The top panel shows bulging in the scrotal region, and the bottom panel an intestinal herniation in the right and left inguinal canals. The incidence of hernias was significantly increased by T+E2 treatment for all perinatal treatment groups (P < 0.01).