PEs:
MP	carboxymethylpullulan;
CNCC	carboxylated nanocrystalline cellulose;
CS	chitosan;
HA	humic acid;
PAA(+)	poly(acrylamide);
PAA(−)	poly(acrylic acid);
PADA	poly[acrylamide-co-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)];
PAH	poly(allylamine hydrochloride);
PAM	polyacrylamide;
PAMAM	poly(amidoamine) dendrimer;
PAS	sodium poly(anethol sulphonate);
PC	pectin;
PDADMAC	poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride);
PDDA	poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride);
PEI PHD	poly(ethylenimine); poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate;
PHEMA-b PDMAEMA PSS	poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate; poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate;poly(styrene sulphonate);
PQ11	poly [(2-ethyldimethylammonioethyl methacrylate ethyl sulphate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone);
PVP	poly(vinyl pyrrolidone);
PVS	poly(vinylsulphate);
SCS	sulphonated chitosan;
SiPyCl	3-n-propylpyridinium chloride silsesquioxane.
Carbon Nanomaterials:
CNS	carbon nanosphere;
CNO	carbon nano-onions;
ErGO	electrochemically reduced graphene oxide;
GO	graphene oxide;
MWCNTs	multi-wall carbon nanotubes;
rGO	reduced graphene oxide;
SWCNTs	single-wall carbon nanotubes.
DNA:
cDNA	complementary DNA;
ssDNA	single stranded DNA.
Enzymes:
AChE	acetylcholinesterase;
ChOx	choline oxidase;
HRP	horse radish peroxidase;
GOx	glucose oxidase;
LOx	lactate oxidase;
SOD	sarcosine oxidase.
Electrode:
FET	field-effect transistor;
FTO	fluorine doped tin oxide;
GCE	glassy carbon electrode;
IDE	planar interdigitated electrode;
ITO	indium tin oxide;
SPAu	screen-printed gold electrode;
SPCE	screen-printed carbon electrode;
SPGE	screen-printed graphite electrode.
Other:
APTES	3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane;
BSA	bovine serum albumin;
CD	cyclodextrin;
GTH	glutaraldehyde;
MB	methylene blue;
MG	methylene green;
MPA	mercaptopropionic acid;
PANI	polyaniline;
PB	Prussian blue;
PEDOT	poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene);
PSA	polystyrene-co-acrylic acid;
SDS	sodium dodecyl sulphate;
S-PEDOT	sulphonated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene);
TEOS	tetraethyl orthosilicate.
Electroanalytical Methods:
AMP	amperometry;
CV	cyclic voltammetry;
DPASV	differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry;
DPV	differential pulse voltammetry;
EIS	use of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy;
IMP	impedimetry;
LSV	linear sweep voltammetry;
POT	potentiometry;
SWV	square-wave voltammetry