Table 1.
Measurement of endpoints using home-based testing (the current approach for all these measurements is for the patient to attend the research centre and the research team to collect the data)
| Measurement/endpoint category | Example | Alternative method | Validity (high/medium/low/unknown) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom status | NYHA class | Phone script; smartphone (app-based) self-assessment | Uncertain (patients and HCP score differently) | N/A |
| Quality of life | KCCQ, EQ-5D | Phone script; emailed link | High for EQ5D | N/A |
| Adherence | Pill count | Video link with patient | High/medium | N/A |
| Vital signs | Blood pressure | Home-based cuff | High | George et al.19 |
| Heart rate | Patient count; smartphones count; BP cuff count | High | De Ridder et al.17 | |
| Weight | Home-based scale | High | N/A | |
| Temperature | Home thermometer | High | N/A | |
| Oxygen saturation | Home pulse ox by plethysmography on smartphone | High | N/A | |
| ECG | Heart rate and rhythm; QRS | Apple watch; Kardia (Alivecor) | Medium/high; depending on technology and information required | Perez et al.18 |
| Exercise capacity | 6-min walk test | Home-based via app | Medium | Brooks et al.16 |
| Clinical outcomes | Hospitalization | Retrieve from EMR or central data repository | High | N/A |
KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; ECG, electrocardiogram; BP, blood pressure; EMR, electronic medical record; HCP, healthcare providers.