Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Coronavirus Disease 2019
| Demographics, HIV Parameters, and Medical History | Total | Composite Endpointa Reached | Composite Endpointa Not Reached |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | 18 (100) | 7 (39) | 11 (61) |
| Age, y | 52 (49–58) | 52 (50–62) | 52 (49–57) |
| Male sex | 12 (67) | 5 (71) | 7 (64) |
| Black race | 17 (94)b | 7 (100) | 10 (91) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, y | 14.6 (9.7–23.4) | 20.2 (10.0–24.2) | 14.5 (8.8–23.2) |
| Risk factor for HIV acquisition | |||
| Heterosexual transmission | 13 (72) | 6 (87) | 7 (63) |
| Men who have sex with men | 3 (17) | 0 | 3 (27) |
| Previous AIDS-defining illness | 7 (39) | 2 (29) | 5 (46) |
| Preadmission CD4 count, cells/µLc | 395 (238–680) | 667 (276–770) | 358 (148–530) |
| Nadir CD4 count, cells/µL | 97 (45–143) | 69 (30–104) | 119 (52–216) |
| HIV RNA <50 copies/mL | 17 (94) | 7 (100) | 10 (91) |
| Antiretroviral therapy | |||
| Protease inhibitord | 11 (61) | 4 (57) | 7 (64) |
| INSTI | 3 (17) | 2 (29) | 1 (9) |
| NNRTI | 4 (22) | 1 (14) | 3 (27) |
| NRTI | 18 (100) | 7 (100) | 11 (100) |
| Clinical frailty indexe ≤ 4 | 15 (83) | 5 (71) | 10 (91) |
| Smoker | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2 | 10 (56) | 5 (71) | 5 (45) |
| Hypertension | 6 (33) | 2 (29) | 4 (36) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (22) | 3 (43) | 1 (9) |
| Chronic kidney diseasef | 5 (28) | 3 (43) | 2 (18) |
| On admission | |||
| Symptoms | |||
| Cough | 13 (72) | 6 (86) | 7 (64) |
| Fever | 11 (61) | 5 (71) | 7 (64) |
| Shortness of breath | 12 (67) | 3 (43) | 7 (64) |
| Time since onset of COVID-19 symptoms, d | 8 (7–10) | 8 (4–12) | 7 (7–10) |
| Infiltrates on radiograph | 13 (72) | 7 (100) | 6 (55) |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/L | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.4 (1.1–2.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 143 (72–253) | 203 (100–302) | 130 (72–213) |
| During hospital admission | |||
| Acute kidney injuryg | 5 (28) | 5 (71) | 0 |
| Peak oxygen requirement | |||
| FiO2 <28% | 3 (16) | 0 | 3 (27) |
| FiO2 28%–60% | 5 (28) | 0 | 5 (45) |
| FiO2 >60% via nonrebreathing bag | 3 (16) | 2 (29) | 1 (9) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 (28) | 5 (71) | 0 |
| Vasopressor support | 5 (28) | 5 (71) | 0 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 4 (22) | 4 (57) | 0 |
Data are expressed as no. (%) for categorical variables or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
aComposite endpoint: mechanical ventilation, intensive treatment unit admission, or death.
bAmong black patients, 65% were born in sub-Saharan Africa.
cMost recent outpatient measurement.
dAll were on darunavir boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat.
eClinical frailty scale from the Canadian Study on Health & Aging, revised 2008.
fStage 3/4/5 chronic kidney disease according to Kidney Disease–Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria 2012.
gStage 2/3 acute kidney injury according to KDIGO criteria 2012.