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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cancer. 2019 Nov 4;20(2):74–88. doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0216-7

Fig. 3: Transcriptional control of metabolic processes downstream of AKT signaling.

Fig. 3:

AKT regulates metabolism through a number of downstream transcription factors that control the expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes. FOXO, HIF1 and MYC regulate the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, and intermediates of glycolysis contribute to nucleotide and lipid synthesis. MYC and ATF4 induce the expression of enzymes contributing to nucleotide synthesis. SREBP isoforms globally induce the expression of lipogenic enzymes, as well as enzymes in the oxidative PPP, which can provide NADPH as reducing equivalents for lipid synthesis and redox. NRF2 regulates redox homeostasis. FOXO, forkhead box O; HIF1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4, SREBP: Sterol regulatory element binding proteins; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced).