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. 2020 Jun 24;10:10297. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67346-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bacterial killing efficacy of human whole blood from healthy controls and β-thalassaemia patients are related to HO-1 expression. Whole blood from healthy donors (n = 5) or β-thalassaemia (β-thal; n = 6) were pre-treated for 3 h with medium control, hemin at 25 μM, CoPP at 50 μM or SnPP at 10 μM before infection with 10⁵ CFUs of E. coli, S. typhimurium or S. aureus for 1, 3 and 6 h. Total numbers of viable bacteria after infection at various time points were assessed by colony count and calculated as % bacterial killing = ((inoculum bacteria – remaining bacteria)/inoculum bacteria) × 100. Data of % bacterial killing of medium control between healthy versus β-thal is shown as individual dot plots with bar at mean (A). Data of % bacterial killing with and without pre-treatment by hemin (B), CoPP (C), or SnPP (D) is shown as individual dot plots with connecting lines of the same donors. Statistical analysis was tested by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.