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. 2020 Jun 24;11:3186. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17026-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a An experimental scheme for investigating ion suppression and ion competition effects in FI-MS analysis: gradually increasing the ion flow by adding increasing concentrations of some compound to the analyte, while configuring the mass spectrometer to scan for two overlapping ranges that include or exclude the added compound; here, taurocholic acid (TC) was added to metabolite extracts from serum samples, while a 20 m/z scan range, which excludes this compound and an overlapping 24 m/z scan range that includes it are scanned. b The number of reproducible m/z features found (within the narrower scan range) when scanning for the 20 m/z scan range (in blue) and for the 24 m/z scan range (in red), adding increasing concentrations of TC; black horizontal line represents the number of m/z features detected without adding TC. c Observed injection time of curved linear trap as a function of the concentration of the added TC. d The median intensity of m/z features (n ≥ 15; ±SEM; measured without adding TC; y axis) which become undetected when adding increasing concentrations of TC (x axis), scanning for the 20 m/z scan range (in blue) and for the 24 m/z scan range (in red); black horizontal line represents the median intensity of m/z features detected without adding TC. Ion intensity (y axis) and m/z (x axis) detected in serum when scanning for the 20 m/z scan range (e) and the 24 m/z scan range (f); ions undetected when adding 100 μM of TC are marked with red crosses. Distributions of the number of reproducible m/z features found by spectral-stitching FI-MS method (20 m/z scan ranges; in blue) versus scanning using a single range (in red) for metabolomics (g) and lipidomics (h) analysis (negative ionization mode). i The total number of reproducible m/z features found by spectral-stitching FI-MS (in blue) versus scanning using a single scan range (in red), for metabolomics and lipidomics, in positive and negative ionization modes. Source data are provided as a Source data file.