TABLE 2.

Treatment groups. Antibiotics were given to mice based on dosages described in Table 1.

Treatment group	Antibiotics	Recovery
Control
A	Amoxicillin	Natural recovery (NR)
AB	Amoxicillin	B. bifidum JCM1254 (PR)
AF	Amoxicillin	Fecal transplant (FT; from control)
P	Ciprofloxacin	Natural recovery (NR)
PB	Ciprofloxacin	B. bifidum JCM1254 (PR)
PF	Ciprofloxacin	Fecal transplant (FT; from control)
V	Vancomycin	Natural recovery (NR)
VB	Vancomycin	B. bifidum JCM1254 (PR)
VF	Vancomycin	Fecal transplant (FT; from control)

Natural recovery groups were administered PBS on each treatment day. Groups given probiotics as a recovery treatment were administered 10⁹ CFUs of B. bifidum per day. For fecal transplants, a mixture of fresh feces collected from age-matched control mice were suspended in PBS at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. After vortexing, the mixture was allowed to settle and the supernatant was administered.