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. 2020 Jun 18;8:445. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00445

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

3D micro-CT of the skull and mandible of different animal models during the development of TMJ-THO. (A) Normal control TMJ of mice at the same time points after surgery. (B) TMJ structure of the first animal model (the articular disc and half condylar cartilage were removed) at different time points. Heterotopic ossification was obvious around the injured TMJ at different time points. In addition, the adhesion between the condyle and surrounding tissues also progressed over time. (C) TMJ structure of the second animal model (the articular disc and total condylar cartilage were removed) at different time points. There was no evident heterotopic ossification or adhesion around the TMJ. (D) TMJ structure of the third animal model (half of the condylar cartilage was removed, but the articular disc was preserved) at different time points. There was also no obvious heterotopic ossification or adhesion around the TMJ. The black arrow indicates the injured side of the TMJ. ①, ②, and ③ showed that the volume of condyle in the first animal model was higher than that of normal condyle due to the formation of heterotopic ossification; however, the volume of condyle in the second or in the third animal model was lower than that of the first animal model at different time points. A, the control groups; B, the first animal model; C, the second animal model; D, the third animal model, ∗∗p < 0.01. 1 M, 1 month after surgery; 3 M, 3 months after surgery; 6 M, 6 months after surgery.