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. 2020 Jun 18;8:445. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00445

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Copyright © 2020 Zhao, Ouyang, Chen, Zhao, Shen and Dai.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histological examination of different animal models during the development of TMJ-THO 3 months after surgery. (A,B,E,F) The TMJ structure in normal control mice. (C,D,G,H) There was obvious heterotopic ossification around the injured TMJ, and the structure of the condyle showed an abnormal shape in the first animal model (the articular disc and half condylar cartilage were removed). (I,J,M,N) No obvious heterotopic ossification around the injured condyle in the second animal model (the articular disc and total condylar cartilage were removed). (K,L,O,P) No obvious heterotopic ossification around the injured condyle was observed in the third animal model (half of the condylar cartilage was removed, but the articular disc was preserved). Panels (B,D,F,H,J,L,N,P) are local magnifications of the boxed areas in panels (A,C,E,G,I,K,M,O), respectively. AD, articular disc; AF: articular fossa; CO, condyle; HO, heterotopic ossification. Scale bar: (A,C,E,G,I,K,M,O), 200 μm; (B,D,F,H,J,L,N,P), 50 μm.