Table 3.
Planetary boundaries (PBs) adapted to the EF metrics of each impact category, available for comparing LCIA results. The order in which the PBs are presented herein is in accordance with Table 2.
| EF impact category | Abbreviation | Unit | Indicatorb | PB | PB per capitaa | Sources | Underpinning reference used in the sources | PB classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate change | CC | kg CO2 eq | Radiative forcing as Global Warming Potential (GWP100) | 6.81E+12 | 9.85E+02 | Bjørn and Hauschild (2015) | Rockström et al. (2009) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11 eq | Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) | 5.39E+08 | 7.80E-02 | Bjørn and Hauschild (2015) | Rockström et al. (2009) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Eutrophication, marine | MEU | kg N eq | Fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment (N) | 2.01E+11 | 2.90E+01 | Bjørn and Hauschild (2015) | De Vries et al. (2013) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Eutrophication, freshwater | FEU | kg P eq | Fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment (P) | 5.81E+09 | 8.40E-01 | Bjørn and Hauschild (2015) | Struijs et al. (2011) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Eutrophication, terrestrial | TEU | molc N eq | Accumulated Exceedance (AE) | 6.13E+12 | 8.87E+02 | recalculated by Bjørn (2017) | Bouwman et al. (2002) | Cclimate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Acidification | AC | molc H+ eq | Accumulated Exceedance (AE) | 1.00E+12 | 1.45E+02 | recalculated by Bjørn (2017) | Bouwman et al. (2002) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Land use | LU | kg soil loss | Soil erosion | 1.27E+13 | 1.84E+03 | Bjørn and Hauschild (2015) | Verheijen et al. (2009) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Water use | WU | m3 world eq | User deprivation potential (deprivation-weighted water consumption) | 1.82E+14 | 2.63E+04 | recalculated by Bjørn (2017) | Gerten et al. (2013) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Particulate matter | PM | Disease incidence | Impact on human health | 5.16E+05 | 7.47E-05 | based on the environmental burden of Vargas-Gonzalez et al. (2019) | WHO (2006) | Human health |
| Photochemical ozone formation, human health | POF | kg NMVOC eq | Tropospheric ozone concentration increase | 4.07E+11 | 5.88E+01 | recalculated by Bjørn (2017) | EEA (1998) | Human health |
| Human toxicity, cancer | HTOX_c | CTUh | Comparative Toxic Unit for humans | 9.62E+05 | 1.39E-04 | based on the environmental burden of Vargas-Gonzalez et al. (2019) | WHO (2006) | Human health |
| Human toxicity, non-cancer | HTOX_nc | CTUh | Comparative Toxic Unit for humans | 4.10E+06 | 5.93E-04 | based on the environmental burden of Vargas-Gonzalez et al. (2019) | WHO (2006) | Human health |
| Ecotoxicity, freshwater | ECOTOX | CTUe | Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems | 1.31E+14 | 1.90E+04 | Bjørn and Hauschild (2015) | EC (2011) | Climate action, water and terrestrial life protection |
| Ionising radiation, human health | IR | kBq U235 eq | Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 | 5.27E+14 | 7.62E+04 | based on the environmental burden of Vargas-Gonzalez et al. (2019) | WHO (2006) | Human health |
| Resource use, fossils | FRD | MJ | Abiotic resource depletion – fossil fuels (ADP-fossil) | 2.24E+14 | 3.24E+04 | JRC calculation based on factor 2 concept | Bringezu (2015); Buczko et al. (2016) | Resource use |
| Resource use, mineral and metals | MRD | kg Sb eq | Abiotic resource depletion (ADP ultimate reserves) | 2.19E+08 | 3.18E-02 | JRC calculation based on factor 2 concept | Bringezu (2015); Buczko et al. (2016) | Resource use |
a
Global population in 2010: 6,916,183,482 people, as in Bjørn and Hauschild (2015).
b
Indicator description according to the Environmental Footprint recommendations (EC, 2017).