Table 1.
Summary of cases reports in the literature
| First author | Year | Patients | Years after ligation | Symptoms | Type of repair | Complications | Follow-up, months |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anastasiadou | 2019 | 1 | 12 | painful, pulsatile mass | ipsilateral CV | none | 1, 6, 12 |
| Cleveland | 2015 | 1 | 4 | median neuropathy | ipsilateral CV | none | NR |
| Teixeira | 2017 | 10 | NR | 6 localized pain and pulsatile mass; 3 subacute ischemia/microembolization, 1 acute ischemia/aneurysm thrombosis | 6 GSVG; 2 ipsilateral CV; 1 ipsilateral BV; 1 PTFEG | 1 postoperative hematoma; 1 anastomotic stenosis | 69 |
| Sapienza | 2014 | 1 | 15 | acute pain, swelling, distal microembolization | contralateral vein graft | none | 15 |
| Dinoto | 2012 | 1 | 13 | pain, paresthesia, pulsatile mass | 1 PTFEG | none | 6 |
| Orhan | 2019 | 1 | 10 | pain, swelling, paresthesia | 1 GSVG | none | 24 |
| Mestres | 2014 | 12 | 3, 2, 7 | 6 pain; 1 distal embolization | 3 CV; 4 BV; 2 saphenous vein; 2 direct ligature; 1 end-to-end | 1 reoperation; 1 degeneration; 1 posttraumatic thrombosis; bypass | 8.6 |
| Marzelle | 2012 | 10 | NR | pain, subacute ischemia, contained rupture, swelling, pain, median nerve compression, pain and swelling | 2 no intervention; 2 GSVG; 5 PTFEG; 1 allograft | 6 none; 2 aneurysmal; 1 occlusion | 20.3 |
| Marconi | 2015 | 1 | 12 | none | PTFEG | none | 60 |
| Kordzadeh | 2015 | 2 | 1 | blue finger, painful hands, pain, paresthesia | PTFEG; GSVG | none; none | 18; 18 |
| Ferrara | 2016 | 1 | NR | swelling and mild paresthetic symptoms | BV | none | 1 |
| Garza | 2013 | 1 | NR | pain, paresthesia | GSVG | none | 6 |
| Murphy | 2010 | 1 | 11 | pain, swelling | CV | NR | 12 |
| Hale | 1994 | 1 | 3 | distal emboli | GSVG | NR | NR |
| Nguyen | 2001 | 1 | 8 | paresthesias, digital emboli | GSVG | none | NR |
| Eugster | 2003 | 1 | 7 | distal emboli | GSVG | NR | NR |
| Battaglia | 2006 | 1 | 13 | swelling, mild pain | PTFEG | NR | NR |
| Ventura | 2006 | 1 | NR | pain | PTFEG | NR | NR |
| Sultana | 2007 | 1 | 17 | distal emboli, subjective coldness | axillary artery, GSVG | NR | 12 |
| Chemla | 2010 | 5 | NR | swelling, pain; none; swelling, pain; swelling, pain; none | end-to-end; GSVG; end-to-end; GSVG; end-to-end | none | 14 |
| Murphy | 2010 | 1 | 11 | swelling, pain | CV | none | 12 |
| Basile | 2011 | 1 | 9 | swelling, pain | GSVG | none | 1 |
| Khalid | 2014 | 3 | 5; 6; 20 | pain, pulsatile mass; paresthesias, distal emboli, pain, pulsatile mass | GSVG; GSVG; ligation | 2 none; 1 arteriomegaly | 6 weeks; 6; 12 |
| Keuter | 2006 | 1 | NR | pain, swelling, claudication | GSVG | none | postoperative |
BV, basilic vein; CV, cephalic vein; GSVG, great saphenous vein graft; NR, not reported; PTFEG, polytetrafluoroethylene graft.