Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissue culture.

Case #	Age	Sex (male/female)	Maxi. diameter (mm)	Location of AAA	Comorbidity	Smoking	Medication
TC #1	76	Male	92	Infrarenal-Common iliac artery	None	Current	None
TC #2	86	Female	67	Infrarenal-Terminal aorta	HT	None	CCB
TC #3	82	Female	55	Infrarenal-Common iliac artery	DL, HT, IHD	None	ARB, APT, CCB, Statin
TC #4	58	Male	58	Infrarenal-Terminal aorta	CVD, DL, HT, IHD	History	ARB, APT, Statin
TC #5	85	Male	48*	Infrarenal-Terminal aorta	CKD, DL, HT, IHD	History	ARB, BAB, APT, Statin
TC #6	73	Male	48**	Infrarenal-Common iliac artery	CKD, DL, DM, HT, IHD	None	ARB, CCB, Statin
TC #7	73	Male	57	Infrarenal-Common iliac artery	CVD, DL, Graves, IHD	Current	ACEi, APT, BAB, Statin
HP #1	75	Male	48**	Infrarenal-Common iliac artery	DL, IHD	History	APT, Statin
HP #2	82	Male	50	Infrarenal-Terminal aorta	HT, DL, IHD	Current	ACEi, APT, BAB, Statin
HP #3	62	Male	54	Infrarenal-Terminal aorta	DL	History	Statin
HP #4	68	Female	54	Infrarenal-Terminal aorta	DL, DM, HCM, HT	None	ARB, Statin, Isosorbide

Clinical characteristics of the patients of whom AAA tissue was obtained for tissue culture (TC) or histopathology (HP). HP #3 sample was used for the representative data in Figs. 1 and 2. CKD: chronic kidney disease; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; DL: dyslipidemia; DM: diabetes mellitus; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HT: hypertension; IHD: ischemic heart disease; ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker; APT: antiplatelet drugs; BAB: β-adrenergic blocker; CCB: calcium channel blocker *Surgical repair was carried out for TC #5 due to the concern of the advanced frailty and surgical intolerability of the patient if the surgery is to be carried out after the diameter reaches 5 cm. **Surgical repair was carried out for TC #6 and HP #1 to repair the iliac artery aneurysms with diameters exceeding 3 cm together with the AAAs.