Table 1 Summary of clinical trials using angiogenic growth factor genes for patients with PAD.

Trials or author name [reference]	Vector and promoter	Delivery route	Phase	Enrollment	Outcomes
Baumgartner et al. [34]	phVEGF165/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	I	9	Tolerated
Mäkinen et al. [35]	phVEGF165/ MIEhCMV	Intra-arterial	II	54	Tolerated, increase vascularity
	AdVEGF165/ MIEhCMV
RAVE [36]	AdVEGF121/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	II	95	No improvement of exercise performance or QOL
Groningen [37]	phVEGF165/ not reported	Intra-muscular	II	54	No reduction in amputation rate
Comerota et al. [45]	phFGF-1/MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	I	107	Tolerated
TALISMAN [46]	phFGF-1/MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	II	125	Reduction in amputation rate
TAMARIS [47]	phFGF-1/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	III	525	No improvement of QOL or ABI, no reduction in amputation rate or death
Morishita et al. [50]	phHGF/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	I/IIa	22	Tolerated
Makino et al. [53]	phHGF/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	I/IIa	22	Improvement of ABI, reduction in rest pain and ulcer size up to 2 years
HGF-STAT [51]	phHGF/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	II	104	Improvement in TcPO2
TREAT-HGF [52]	phHGF/ MIEhCMV	Intra-muscular	III	40	Improvement in rest pain and ABI, reduction in ulcer size

ABI: ankle-brachial index; TcPO2: transcutaneous oxygen tension; MIEhCMV: major immediate-early enhancer/promoter from human cytomegalovirus