Fig. 3.

Time-Calibrated phylogenetic tree showing the Most Likely Ancestral Areas (MLAA) reconstructions for the best fitted tested scenarios. At the bottom-left there is a color-coded map showing the nine tested biogeographical regions used within the analyses. To the right of all the tips of the tree there is a color-coded matrix representing the current distribution of all the taxa. All internal nodes display four squares representing the most likely areas for the S0, S1, S3 and S5 scenarios at each node. Above, there is a banner showing the major marine incursion events and below there are banners representing the time ranges of the following geological events: formation of the Central America Seaway Closure (Blue), the Central Andes (Grey), the Northwest Andes (Orange), the Northeast Andes (Yellow) and Venezuelan Highlands (Red). The small black triangles represent the apatite track evidence of uplift extracted from Hoorn et al. 2010