Table 2.

Anxiety, depression, stress and mindfulness

	Pre		Mid				Post				3 months post				1 year post
	M	SD	M	SD	r	r (CI)	M	SD	r	r (CI)	M	SD	r	r (CI)	M	SD	r	r (CI)
HADS-A	9.92	5.07	9.00	4.07	−0.25	−0.72, 0.38	8.18	4.31	−0.39	−0.80, 0.28	9.00	4.75	−0.14	−0.68, 0.50	8.27	3.17	−0.37	−0.79, 0.30
HADS-D	5.42	5.28	5.83	3.90	0.21	−0.42, 0.70	5.45	5.75	0.17	−0.48, 0.70	5.73	4.71	0.12	−0.51, 0.67	5.00	3.79	0.08	−0.55, 0.65
DASS-S	21.16	9.44	17.20	9.00	−0.41	−0.83, 0.29	14.90	9.44	−0.42	−0.81, 0.25	15.64	8.28	−0.54	−0.86, 0.09	13.8	8.24	−0.66	−0.91, −0.05
FFMQ
Observing	25.67	5.69	26.67	4.48	0.24	−0.39, 0.71	29.00	5.31	0.38	−0.28, 0.80	30.27	3.88	0.55	−0.07, 0.86	30.8	3.97	0.66	0.10, 0.90
Describing	23.92	6.43	26.83	6.29	0.43	−0.19, 0.80	27.73	6.74	0.80	0.39, 0.95	26.73	8.33	0.45	−0.21, 0.83	26.8	7.70	0.43	−0.23, 0.82
Acting with awareness	22.08	9.10	24.08	5.96	0.35	−0.28, 0.77	25.55	7.54	0.29	−0.37, 0.76	26.18	7.55	0.62	0.03, 0.89	27.4	7.65	0.63	0.05, 0.89
Non-judging	20.75	6.21	24.25	6.03	0.58	0.00, 0.86	25.64	6.27	0.60	0.01, 0.88	27.64	7.43	0.75	0.28, 0.93	28.0	6.15	0.85	0.50, 0.96
Non-reacting	16.58	5.33	21.33	3.60	0.69	0.20, 0.91	22.91	4.57	0.82	0.42, 0.95	22.64	3.70	0.77	0.31, 0.94	24.1	3.14	0.85	0.50, 0.96

Pre n = 12; mid n = 12 (except DASS-S, n = 10); post n = 11; 3-months n = 11; 1-year n = 11 (except DASS-S n = 10)

HADS-A hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety score; HADS-D hospital anxiety and depression scale-depression score; DASS-S depression anxiety and stress scale-stress score; FFMQ Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire. r is effect size (r = Z/√ (N), where Z is the standardised test-statistic from a Wilcoxon signed rank test and N is the sample size. r (CI) is 95% confidence interval for r. A negative r indicates improvement in depression, anxiety and stress and a positive r indicates improvement in mindfulness. DASS-21 stress scores are doubled to enable comparison with DASS-42