. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Feb 12;63(2):170–177. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.02.005

Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with cardiometabolic outcomes and longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic disease biomarkers among people living with HIV in adjusted analyses. For diagnosed outcomes, each column shows adjusted odds ratios for separate multivariable logistic regression. For laboratory biomarkers, each column shows parameter estimates and 95% confidence limits for separate generalized estimating equations. All models also adjusted for site as a stratification factor.

Biomarkers	SBP^a(mmHg)	DBP (mmHg)	Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)	LDL-c (mg/dl)	HDL-c (mg/dl)	Triglycerides (mg/dl)	Glucose (mg/dl)

PA Level^b
High	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Moderate	0.21 (−0.22, 0.64)	0.41 (0.11, 0.71)^‡	0.30 (−1.48, 2.08)	0.10 (−1.40, 1.61)	−0.71 (−1.25, −0.17)^‡	7.78 (1.96, 13.59)^‡	0.25 (−0.89, 1.38)
Low	−0.20 (−0.62, 0.21)	0.40 (0.13, 0.68)^‡	1.31 (−0.41, 3.03)	0.41 (−1.03, 1.84)	−1.03 (−1.54, −0.51)^†	16.12 (9.90, 22.34)^†	1.35 (0.26, 2.45)^*
Very Low	−0.64 (−1.11, −0.16)^‡	0.32 (−0.01, 0.63)	1.34 (−0.81, 3.48)	−0.49 (−2.17, 1.18)	−1.56 (−2.17, −0.96)^†	25.43 (15.64, 35.22)^†	1.98 (0.47, 3.49)^*

Diagnosis	Obesity (n=9,930; 3,506 events)	Hypertension (n=9,525; 3,828 events)	Cerebrovascular Disease (n=9,525; 339 events)	Cardiovascular Disease (n=9,525; 560 events)	Diabetes (n=9,525; 976 events)	Multimorbidity (n=9,933; 3,252 events)

PA Level^b
High	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Moderate	1.34 (1.13–1.58) ^†	1.16 (0.98–1.38)	1.42 (0.87–2.31)	1.09 (0.74–1.60)	1.19 (0.87–1.62)	1.32 (1.10–1.58) ^‡
Low	1.48 (1.28–1.71) ^†	1.28 (1.10–1.49) ^‡	1.38 (0.89–2.13)	1.48 (1.07–2.06) ^*	1.49 (1.14–1.94) ^‡	1.42 (1.21–1.66) ^†
Very Low	1.92 (1.64–2.24) ^†	1.43 (1.21–1.68) ^†	1.76 (1.13–2.74) ^*	1.92 (1.37–2.70) ^†	2.32 (1.76–3.05) ^†	2.12 (1.80–2.50) ^†

= p < 0.05

^‡

= p < 0.01

^†

= p < 0.001

SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Multimorbidity is defined as two or more diagnoses of obesity, CVD, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or cancer

PA = physical activity