TABLE. Comparison of U.S. Navy service members with and without previous or current SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 382) — USS Theodore Roosevelt, April 2020.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
Infection versus no infection OR (95% CI)† |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Current or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection* (N = 238) | No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 144) | ||
|
RT-PCR and antibody results
| |||
| RT-PCR positive and ELISA positive |
88 (37.0) |
0 |
N/A |
| RT-PCR negative and ELISA positive |
83 (34.9) |
0 |
N/A |
| RT-PCR positive and ELISA negative |
10 (4.2) |
0 |
N/A |
| RT-PCR not done and ELISA positive |
57 (23.9) |
0 |
N/A |
| RT-PCR negative or not done and ELISA negative |
0 |
144 (100) |
N/A |
|
Sex
| |||
| Male |
190 (65.7) |
99 (34.3) |
1.80 (1.12–2.89)§ |
| Female |
48 (51.6) |
45 (48.4) |
Referent |
|
Age group (yrs)
| |||
| 18–24 |
77 (68.1) |
36 (31.9) |
Referent |
| 25–29 |
50 (64.1) |
28 (35.9) |
0.84 (0.45–1.54) |
| 30–39 |
87 (58.8) |
61 (41.2) |
0.67 (0.40–1.11) |
| 40–59 |
24 (55.8) |
19 (44.2) |
0.59 (0.29–1.21) |
|
Race/Ethnicity¶
|
|
|
|
| AI/AN or NH/PI |
9 (60.0) |
6 (40.0) |
0.86 (0.29–2.49) |
| Asian |
13 (61.9) |
8 (38.1) |
0.93 (0.37–2.33) |
| Black |
25 (61.0) |
16 (39.0) |
0.89 (0.45–1.77) |
| Hispanic/Latino |
47 (61.8) |
29 (38.2) |
0.92 (0.54–1.58) |
| Other/Unknown |
2 (33.3) |
4 (66.7) |
0.29 (0.05–1.59) |
| White |
142 (63.7) |
81 (36.3) |
Referent |
|
History of asthma, hypertension, diabetes, or immunosuppression
|
15 (53.6) |
13 (46.4) |
0.68 (0.31, 1.47) |
|
Reported ≥1 symptom
| |||
| Yes |
194 (81.5) |
90 (62.5) |
2.65 (1.65–4.23)§ |
| No |
44 (18.5) |
54 (37.5) |
Referent |
|
Symptoms (among those reporting ≥1 symptom)
| |||
|
Symptoms (CSTE criteria)**
| |||
| Category A |
97 (50.0) |
36 (40.0) |
3.50 (1.90–6.45)§ |
| Category B |
67 (34.5) |
15 (16.7) |
5.81 (2.78–12.11)§ |
| Other symptom(s) |
30 (15.5) |
39 (43.3) |
Referent |
|
Individual symptoms
| |||
| Loss of taste, smell, or both |
119 (61.3) |
12 (13.3) |
10.31 (5.26–20.21)§ |
| Palpitations |
19 (9.8) |
3 (3.3) |
3.15 (0.91–10.93) |
| Fever (documented or subjective) |
89 (45.9) |
21 (23.3) |
2.79 (1.58–4.90)§ |
| Chills |
85 (43.8) |
20 (22.2) |
2.73 (1.54–4.84)§ |
| Myalgia |
109 (56.2) |
30 (33.3) |
2.56 (1.52–4.32)§ |
| Cough |
86 (44.3) |
29 (32.2) |
1.68 (0.99–2.83) |
| Nausea |
40 (20.6) |
13 (14.4) |
1.54 (0.78–3.05) |
| Fatigue |
107 (55.2) |
41 (45.6) |
1.47 (0.89–2.43) |
| Shortness of breath/difficulty breathing |
46 (23.7) |
17 (18.9) |
1.33 (0.72–2.49) |
| Chest pain |
40 (20.6) |
15 (16.7) |
1.30 (0.68–2.50) |
| Abdominal pain |
39 (20.1) |
15 (16.7) |
1.26 (0.65–2.42) |
| Runny nose |
108 (55.7) |
46 (51.1) |
1.20 (0.73–1.98) |
| Diarrhea |
47 (24.2) |
20 (22.2) |
1.12 (0.62–2.03) |
| Headache |
129 (66.5) |
59 (65.6) |
1.04 (0.62–1.77) |
| Vomiting |
11 (5.7) |
5 (5.6) |
1.02 (0.34–3.03) |
| Sore throat |
81 (41.8) |
44 (48.9) |
0.75 (0.45–1.24) |
|
Sought medical care for symptoms
|
115 (59.3) |
35 (38.9) |
2.29 (1.37–3.82)§ |
|
Hospitalized
|
2 (1.0) |
0 |
N/A |
|
Number of symptoms
| |||
| 1–3 |
51 (26.3) |
49 (54.4) |
Referent |
| 4–5 |
37 (19.1) |
13 (14.4) |
2.74 (1.30–5.75)§ |
| 6–8 |
50 (25.8) |
16 (17.8) |
3.00 (1.51–5.96)§ |
| >8 |
56 (28.9) |
12 (13.3) |
4.48 (2.15–9.37)§ |
|
Still symptomatic at time of survey (n = 275)
| |||
| Yes |
65 (34.0) |
24 (28.6) |
1.29 (0.74–2.26) |
| No |
126 (66.0) |
60 (71.4) |
Referent |
| Duration >1 week (n = 186) |
70 (55.6) |
29 (48.3) |
1.34 (0.72–2.47) |
|
Reported prevention behaviors
| |||
| Increased hand washing |
218 (62.1) |
133 (37.9) |
0.90 (0.42–1.94) |
| Hand sanitizer use |
219 (61.5) |
137 (38.5) |
0.59 (0.24–1.44) |
| Avoiding common areas |
78 (53.8) |
67 (46.2) |
0.56 (0.37–0.86)§ |
| Face covering use |
158 (55.8) |
125 (44.2) |
0.30 (0.17–0.52)§ |
| Increased workspace cleaning |
195 (63.5) |
112 (36.5) |
1.30 (0.78–2.16) |
| Increased berthing cleaning |
156 (61.9) |
96 (38.1) |
0.95 (0.61–1.47) |
| Increased distance from others | 105 (54.7) | 87 (45.3) | 0.52 (0.34–0.79)§ |
Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; CI = confidence interval; CSTE = Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; N/A = not applicable; NH/PI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; OR = odds ratio; RT-PCR = real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.
* Current or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is defined as a positive RT-PCR test result or a reactive antibody result determined by testing performed at CDC laboratories on specimens collected during April 20–24, 2020.
† Odds ratios are unadjusted.
§ P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
¶ White, black, Asian, AIAN/NHPI, and Other persons were non-Hispanic/Latino. Hispanic/Latino persons might be of any race.
** Category A = ≥1 of cough or shortness of breath/difficulty breathing. Category B = no cough or shortness of breath, but ≥2 of fever, chills, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, no taste or smell disorder.