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. 2020 Feb 7;63(1):e13. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.12

Table 2.

Internalized stigma in psychiatric disorders in the study sample

Population (n = 738) Full scale—mean (SD) Subscales—mean (SD)
With stigma resistance Without stigma resistance Alienation Stereotype endorsement Discrimination experience Social withdrawal Stigma resistance
All diagnoses 2.25 (0.45) 2.2 (0.51) 2.48 (0.69) 1.9 (0.48) 2.17 (0.65) 2.31 (0.65) 2.54 (0.51)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 45) 2.2 (0.42) 2.13 (0.48) 2.39 (0.65) 1.74 (0.42) 2.18 (0.65) 2.29 (0.65) 2.48 (0.52)
Schizophrenia (SZ; n = 466) 2.22 (0.46) 2.18 (0.51) 2.42 (0.7) 1.9 (0.49) 2.15 (0.64) 2.27 (0.63) 2.56 (0.51)
Bipolar disorder (BD; n = 117) 2.25 (0.44) 2.2 (0.53) 2.59 (0.67) 1.85 (0.47) 2.22 (0.68) 2.25 (0.67) 2.52 (0.53)
Major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 27) 2.31 (0.49) 2.29 (0.56) 2.61 (0.78) 1.95 (0.53) 2.21 (0.69) 2.44 (0.67) 2.58 (0.53)
Anxiety disorders (n = 19) 2.38 (0.48) 2.35 (0.56) 2.87 (0.71) 1.97 (0.44) 2.15 (0.74) 2.44 (0.68) 2.44 (0.38)
Borderline personality disorder (BPD; n = 64) 2.38 (0.42) 2.36 (0.47) 2.65 (0.62) 2.05 (0.42) 2.23 (0.59) 2.55 (0.68) 2.52 (0.48)