Table 2.
Means and standard deviations of neuropsychological test data in ARMS patients and HC
| Total group | ARMS | HC | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | All | Men | Women | |
| (n = 410) | (n = 219) | (n = 191) | (n = 343) | (n = 185) | (n = 158) | (n = 67) | (n = 34) | (n = 33) | |
| Attention | |||||||||
| WAIS-III Digit Span Forward | 9.69 (2.26) | 9.66 (2.19) | 9.73 (2.34) | 9.51 (2.20) | 9.50 (2.16) | 9.51 (2.24) | 10.7 (2.35) | 10.5 (2.18) | 11.0 (2.57) |
| Current IQ | |||||||||
| Block Design total raw score | 43.8 (15.2) | 44.8 (15.2) | 42.7 (15.3) | 42.7 (15.5) | 43.8 (15.1) | 41.4 (15.8) | 49.3 (12.9) | 49.7 (14.8) | 48.9 (11.0) |
| Estimate of total IQ | 101 (17.9) | 102 (18.7) | 100 (17.0) | 98.6 (16.8) | 99.9 (17.6) | 97.2 (15.9) | 113 (18.1) | 112 (20.5) | 113 (15.7) |
| Information total raw score | 16.9 (6.56) | 17.5 (6.56) | 16.2 (6.51) | 16.3 (6.73) | 17.1 (6.71) | 15.5 (6.68) | 19.4 (4.98) | 19.4 (5.47) | 19.4 (4.52) |
| Problem solving | |||||||||
| Beads task draws to decision | 6.62 (4.63) | 6.90 (5.06) | 6.31 (4.11) | 6.54 (4.70) | 6.74 (5.20) | 6.33 (4.09) | 7.02 (4.29) | 7.73 (4.21) | 6.22 (4.32) |
| Social cognition | |||||||||
| BFR total correct | 22.3 (2.33) | 22.3 (2.24) | 22.3 (2.43) | 22.2 (2.32) | 22.3 (2.24) | 22.2 (2.42) | 22.6 (2.36) | 22.1 (2.31) | 23.1 (2.36) |
| DFAR angry faces total correct | 10.2 (4.90) | 9.67 (4.90) | 10.7 (4.84) | 10.5 (4.71) | 9.99 (4.79) | 11.0 (4.58) | 8.61 (5.53) | 7.94 (5.23) | 9.30 (5.82) |
| DFAR frightened faces total correct | 8.59 (4.25) | 8.17 (4.21) | 9.07 (4.26) | 8.80 (4.09) | 8.26 (4.09) | 9.43 (4.02) | 7.50 (4.89) | 7.68 (4.85) | 7.31 (5.01) |
| DFAR happy faces total correct | 12.8 (5.08) | 12.5 (5.23) | 13.1 (4.89) | 13.1 (4.78) | 12.7 (5.07) | 13.5 (4.38) | 11.3 (6.23) | 11.4 (6.01) | 11.1 (6.54) |
| DFAR neutral faces total correct | 11.4 (4.84) | 11.1 (4.95) | 11.6 (4.72) | 11.6 (4.57) | 11.3 (4.76) | 12.0 (4.31) | 10.2 (5.97) | 10.6 (5.92) | 9.81 (6.09) |
| Speed of processing | |||||||||
| Digital Symbol Coding total raw score | 73.1 (16.1) | 70.2 (16.6) | 76.4 (15.0) | 71.7 (15.8) | 69.2 (16.6) | 74.5 (14.4) | 80.1 (15.9) | 75.2 (15.9) | 85.0 (14.6) |
| TMT-A time to completion | 29.6 (12.3) | 30.7 (13.9) | 28.4 (10.1) | 30.2 (12.2) | 31.2 (13.6) | 29.1 (10.3) | 26.6 (12.8) | 28.1 (15.6) | 25.0 (8.62) |
| TMT-B time to completion | 70.3 (29.4) | 74.6 (30.8) | 65.7 (27.2) | 73.2 (30.4) | 77.9 (31.6) | 68.0 (28.2) | 56.3 (18.8) | 58.0 (19.5) | 54.4 (18.2) |
| Verbal learning | |||||||||
| RAVLT delayed recall correct | 10.7 (3.14) | 10.2 (3.31) | 11.4 (2.79) | 10.6 (3.05) | 10.0 (3.21) | 11.2 (2.72) | 11.4 (3.48) | 10.9 (3.76) | 12.0 (3.09) |
| RAVLT trial 1 correct | 6.82 (2.02) | 6.58 (1.93) | 7.09 (2.09) | 6.69 (1.99) | 6.45 (1.86) | 6.98 (2.11) | 7.43 (2.04) | 7.25 (2.14) | 7.64 (1.93) |
| RAVLT trials 1–5 correct | 52.2 (9.91) | 50.6 (9.68) | 54.0 (9.88) | 51.3 (9.98) | 49.9 (9.64) | 53.1 (10.1) | 56.3 (8.50) | 54.1 (9.20) | 58.7 (7.01) |
| Working memory | |||||||||
| Arithmetic total raw score | 13.5 (4.76) | 14.1 (4.68) | 12.8 (4.76) | 13.1 (4.70) | 13.8 (4.64) | 12.3 (4.65) | 15.5 (4.58) | 15.9 (4.60) | 15.1 (4.60) |
| WAIS-III Digit Span Backwards | 6.73 (2.27) | 6.74 (2.28) | 6.71 (2.27) | 6.60 (2.19) | 6.72 (2.30) | 6.46 (2.06) | 7.44 (2.58) | 6.87 (2.21) | 8.17 (2.87) |
Abbreviations: ARMS, at-risk mental state; BFR, Benton Facial Recognition Test; DFAR, Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task; HC, healthy controls; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; TMT, Trail Making Test; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.