Table 1.

Descriptions of cognitive tests

Test	Description	Cognitive domains	Variable	Range
DSST	Presented with a key grid containing digit-symbol pairs, the participant had one minute to indicate which number corresponded to each of the symbols in the task grid.	Processing speed and attention	Total correct score	0–89
TMT-B	Digits and letters were scattered around the screen in circles. The participant was asked to click on them sequentially, alternating between digits and letters (1-A-2-B-3-C, etc.)	Executive functions (mental flexibility, complex attention) and processing speed	Time to completion (s) reversed in analyses	20–300
NM	Every trial, a sequence of digits was briefly presented on screen, after which the participant was asked to recollect it from memory. If answered correctly, the sequence length increased with one digit.	Working memory and attention	Maximum digits remembered correctly	2–12
Matrix	Presented with a series of matrix pattern blocks that each missed one element, the participant was asked to select the element that best completed the pattern from a range of choices.	Reasoning ability (abstract)	Total correct score	0–15
VNR	The participant had 2 min to complete as many multiple-choice reasoning questions as possible.	Reasoning ability (verbal, numeric) and processing speed	Total correct score	0–13
Tower	Presented with a series of illustrations displaying three differently colored hoops on three pegs, the participant was asked how many moves it would take to re-arrange the hoops into another specific position.	Executive functions (strategy, planning) and working memory	Total correct score	0–18

Abbreviations: DSST, digit symbol substitution task; Matrix, matrix pattern completion; NM, numeric memory; TMT-B, trail making test B (alphanumeric trail); Tower, tower rearranging; VNR, verbal numeric reasoning.